Contrôles par Condition for Bécassine des marais

Most recoveries were in the 1960s and 1970s, with around half those annual numbers after 1980. As for other game species, most recoveries are of dead birds, half of them declared as shot, although after 1990 recaptures by ringers have increase and nowjust over 50% of recoveries are of live birds.

Annual Movements for Bécassine des marais

The movements of wintering snipes tagged in France and Italy (Movebank) indicate they summer in C, N and E Europe, with the majority in Russia, but ranging to the Netherlands and Norway. A bird which migrated to Russia left during the second half of Apr, with stopover(s) of a few days en route, and arrived on breeding grounds in early May. In Poland, birds migrating along the Baltic coast wintered at more N locations than those ringed in S Poland, supporting the existence of parallel autumn routes, while early migrants wintered further N than later migrants, making a leap-frog migration (Minias et al. 2010).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bécassine des marais

Birds breeding in the N return to SW wintering groundsbetween early August and mid-November, when recoveries in Scandinavia become rare until the second dekad of Apr. Recoveries indicate similar dates for birds breeding in the NW, while in the E the last autumn recoveries are from the end of Oct. There are few data for faeroensis, but they indicate that they are on the breeding grounds Jun-Aug.

Contrôles par Condition for Grive litorne

From 1950 the annual number of recoveries has fluctuated around 300, with some years around 200 and a maximum of 867 in 2013. Most recoveries are from 21 May to 10 Jun with many in Oct-Nov and Jan. Until 1960 about 85% of recoveries were dead birds, with 35% shot. The percentage of dead recoveries remained high in 1961-990  (83%), with an increase in the percentage shot (42%). After 1990 about 45% of recoveries were dead birds, with 21% shot. The hotspots of shot birds were in Belgium, N, SW and S France, N and C Italy; with many birds also shot in S Norway, Finland, Portugal, N Spain, S Italy and SE Europe.

Annual Movements for Grive litorne

From May-Aug most birds are in Fennoscandia and C, E Europe. In Sep the first birds leave Fennoscandia. In Oct most birds have left N Scandinavia and Finland, hotspots are in S Norway, the Low Countries, SE France and N Italy. Also many birds are reported in the British Isles. In Nov-Feb there are few birds in Fennoscandia and E Europe, numbers in the hotspots are increasing and there is a new hotspot in C Italy with many in the British Isles and also some in Spain, S Italy and SE Europe and a few in Turkey and Georgia. In Mar birds move N with hotspots in Belgium and S UK and there are recoveries in France, Italy, SE and C Europe. In Apr many birds have reached the breeding areas, but some are on migration in NW Europe and the British Isles.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Grive litorne

Birds from Fennoscandia are generally reported in S France and N Italy from Oct-Apr; there are also many recoveries in Oct-Apr in the British Isles, W France, the Low Countries and Iberia. There are a few recoveries in SE Europe, Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan in Nov-Mar, two in Iceland in Nov-Dec and one in Lebanon in Feb. Birds from E Europe are mostly found in N and C Italy and S France from Oct-Mar; with some reports in the British Isles, the Low Countries, S Italy and SE Europe. There were two encounters in Lebanon in Jan-Feb and one in Mallorca in Dec. There are many encounters in C Europe in S France and N and C Italy in Oct-Apr, with a few in Nov-Feb in W and SE Europe, one in Portugal (Dec) and one Sardegna (Nov).

Contrôles par Condition for Pluvier à collier interrompu

Most recoveries were either in the mid-1980s to early 2000s or after 2010. They are mostly in the breeding season, peaking in May-Jun (c. 42% in total). Most are in W (53%), followed by SC (25%) and SW Europe (16%). The percentage of recoveries of dead birds has decreased markedly over time: from 31% before1961 to less than 1% after 1991. This reflects an increase in recaptures, especially colour ring resightings; about 3% of the resightings now come from metal-ring reading in the field. Shooting was an important factor in the past (19% of all recoveries before 1961).

Annual Movements for Pluvier à collier interrompu

Post-breeding dispersal starts in late Jun – in W Europe many birds move to the Waddensee to moult first (del Hoyo et al. 2021); autumn migration is most evident in Sep. Many birds overwinter in SW & W Europe, others continue S to winter in W Africa (Dec-Jan, Guinea-Bissau).

SW & SC European populations largely stay in the western and central Mediterranean respectively, some birds taking longer routes – birds marked in Italy have been found wintering in Morocco (Jan) and Senegal  (Spina & Volponi 2008). Birds from the C European inland populations are encountered mostly in spring (Mar) in NW Africa & N Italy. Birds from the C European inland populations are found in spring (Mar) in NW Africa & N Italy. W Black Sea breeders return as early as Aug in Malta and there are Oct records from Tunisia & Cyprus; with wintering (Dec-Feb) records in Italy, Cyprus and Israel (Delany et al. 2009). In Europe, birds reach the breeding grounds mainly in Mar-Apr, although some birds arrive in May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Pluvier à collier interrompu

Dispersal movements after the breeding season start in mid-summer. Autumn migration is intensive in early autumn - many birds from W overwinter locally or in the Iberian Peninsula, some S to W Africa. Birds breeding in SW & SC Europe mainly make within-region movements, some reaching NW Africa (mid-winter record). Inland populations of Hungary and Austria are encountered in late summer and early autumn along the N Adriatic coasts, some of them staying there to overwinter, with others continuing S (early winter record in Sicily); there are early spring records in Morocco and Italy. Birds from the western Black Sea population are encountered in C and E Mediterranean as early as late summer, but mostly from mid-autumn. Most birds reach their breeding grounds in Europe in early to mid-spring.

Most birds reach back their breeding grounds in Europe early to mid-spring.

Contrôles par Condition for Fuligule milouin

As the species is hunted in several countries, ~70% of the recoveries are of hunted birds before 1991.  The development of colour-marking has increased the percentage of recoveries of live birds and, since1991, only 45% of recoveries are of shot birds. The decrease in recovery numbers since 1985 is probably linked to a similar decline in overall numbers for the species, but may also be a result of the decline in reporting of metal rings.

Annual Movements for Fuligule milouin

While Common Pochards are still present in Russia in early Oct, most  have left by mid-Oct, and spread across W Europe in Oct-Nov. There are still movements during winter, sometimes over long distances (>200 km; Korner-Nievergelt et al. 2009); indeed, movements between wintering sites, posibly driven by depletion of food, are common in winter (Keller et al. 2009). Movements back to the E start mainly in Mar, but become more obvious in Apr, with the northernmost breeding sites occupied in May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Fuligule milouin

In C Europe, most breeding birds are back on the breeding grounds in Apr, or in May further E (Russia). Some are already on W wintering grounds in Aug, although most arrivals on major wintering sites are in Oct-Nov. Ringing occurs mainly on the wintering grounds in mid-winter, and most of these birds move to N (Baltic), C and E Europe in summer (the furthest E recovery is of a British-ringed bird in Yakoutia, Sakha Republic, 118°E). Males undergo a moult migration to gather, often in large aggregations, sometimes towards or on the winter quarters ahead of females and juveniles, which move much later (van der Wal & Zomerdijk 1979, Stanevičius et al 2008)

Contrôles par Condition for Rémiz penduline

Almost all records are ring casualties, with special capture efforts dedicated to the species. There are very few recoveries before 1960, while their numbers increase from 1980 onwards, with the increase in range and numbers of the species in Europe.

Annual Movements for Rémiz penduline

The majority of recoveries are from individuals first captured along the migration flyways or on the wintering grounds, with recoveries on the breeding grounds. Ringing penduline tits along the flyways is a popular activity among ringers as it produces an unusual rate of recoveries, probably because the species uses thin corridors to migrate. This is highlighted by the distribution of the recoveries, which gently draw the main European rivers, such as the Rhine, Danube, etc. During the 1980s and especially the 1990s, penduline tits migrated in numbers to spend the winter in the South-West, and this was followed by the establishment of consequent breeding populations in Iberia.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Rémiz penduline

Movements from Central Europe to the South-West starts mid-September, and ends in early December when all birds are on their Mediterranean wintering grounds. The northward movements of birds wintering in the South-West and South starts at the beginning of March, occurs uniformly along April, and ends early May when birds have reached their breeding grounds. Most recoveries are obtained from September to November, during the post-breeding migration, and to a lesser extend during the spring migration, in April, so most that most recoveries are from birds on the move.

Contrôles par Condition for Grèbe huppé

Persecuted in Europe in 19th and early 20th century (O’Donnel & Fjeldså 1997). Currently protected species in Europe. Before 1960 about 44% of all recoveries were from birds found dead and more than a third (35%) – as a result of shooting/ hunting; the latter factor was subsequently reduced largely to just 1% for the next 30 years. Fishing nets are major cause of death – the birds get drowned when diving (Abt & Konter 2009, Keller et al. 2020).

Since 1960 more than 90% of all recoveries come from alive birds, identified by other means (not ringing).

The main part of the ringing recoveries come from birds originating in W & C Europe due to the special efforts applied in that region. A difficult species to trap, majority of birds ringed at very few locations.

Annual Movements for Grèbe huppé

In the Netherlands territorial males have been found back to their breeding grounds as early as Jan (van der Poel 1985). In UK the spring return of the birds starts from mid-Feb, while in most other parts of Europe it happens in late Mar – early Apr; in northernmost part of species’ range the breeding territories are occupied in early May. The species undergoes a flightless wing-moulting period in late summer and autumn (Aug to Oct), either staying on the breeding grounds or moving to large wetlands to form – sometimes big, concentrations; more prominent movements towards coastal areas are taking place after moult (BirdLife International 2021). The largest autumn and winter gatherings have been recorded in The Netherlands (IJsselmeer), Denmark, the lakes of Switzerland, the Baltic Sea and the Turkish coast of Black Sea (O’Donnel & Fjeldså 1997, Llimona et al. 2020).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Grèbe huppé

Those birds breeding in N & E Europe and migrating SE are encountered in SW Russia and inland Ukraine Sep-Oct, reaching the Black Sea region as early as Aug but mostly between Nov and Mar, some of them staying until May; those heading S & SW are found along the Mediterranean, the region of the Alps and W Europe Nov-Mar. UK breeders reach the local coastal areas as early as Aug, spending the winter there mostly Nov-Mar. Birds breeding in W & C Europe are encountered on their wintering grounds mostly between Nov and Mar – the Atlantic Coast, the big pre-alpine lakes and the Mediterranean.

Post-breeding dispersion of the birds breeding in S Iberian Peninsula involves movements in various directions, many of them spending the winter on local coastal areas and Morocco mostly Sep-Feb.

Contrôles par Condition for Cassenoix moucheté

Most recoveries are from the mid-1990s onwards and are mainly in autumn and winter (peak in Oct of 24%); those during the breeding season (Apr-Jul) comprise only ca. 5% of all recoveries. Most recoveries (ca. 93%) are in N Europe. There are very few recoveries before 1961. Recoveries of dead birds decreased from 65% in 1961-1990 to ca. 2% after 1991, while those of live birds increased from 37% to 98% - largely due to an incease in both recaptures and colour-mark resightings. Most of the longer recoveries (>=50 km) are of live birds from Fennoscandia. Shooting was significant factor in the past, accounting for 14% of recoveries between 1961 and 1990 (mostly in France and Russia).

Annual Movements for Cassenoix moucheté

Based on Finnish data, autumn irrruptions in populations of macrorhynchos start in Jul, peaking between Aug and Oct; the nominate subspecies migrates about three weeks earlier (Saurola et al. 2013). Birds marked during the 1968-1969 invasion were recovered in France as early as Sep; although most were found from Oct (W, C & E Europe) and Nov (SW Russia). This invasion resulted in some birds being recorded in SW Europe & NW Africa (Madge et al. 2020). Return migration is poorly known, although birds ringed in N Europe have been recovered in W & C Siberia, mostly during autumn and winter (Sep-Jan). Between the mid-18th century and 2000, there were 34 irruptions, which are triggered by pine seed shortages (Bračko 2019).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Cassenoix moucheté

Although Spotted Nutcracker is mostly resident, there is some post-breeding dispersal - primarily within N Europe. Substantial irruptions, triggered by pine-seed shortages, take place when Siberian populations (ssp macrorhynchos) move W in big numbers, reaching Finland. The  longest movements have been recorded in the populations of N & E Europe. There is a stronger tendency to avoid water crossings in the nominate subspecies compared to macrorhynchos (Saurola et al. 2013). During the 1968-1969 invasion marked birds were recovered in W Europe from early autumn, most were from the mid-temperate zone across Europe and occured in mid- to late autumn - these form the bulk of the long-distance recoveries. There is very little ringing data from the Carpathians and the Balkan Peninsula mountains. 

Contrôles par Condition for Tournepierre à collier

There were very few recoveries before 1961 and only 7% were on live birds.  Since 1991 96% of recoveries are of live birds, mainly as a reuslt of metal-or colour rings read in the field. The major increase in numbers of recoveries is from 2000 onwards.

Annual Movements for Tournepierre à collier

Turnstones wintering along western European coasts breed in Greenland and NE Canada, while those breeding in N Europe migrate via the North Sea coasts, a major refuelling region, continuing south to the African moulting and wintering grounds (Branson et al. 1978). In Poland, migrating juveniles are captured from early Aug-end of Sep (Meissner and Koziróg 2000).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Tournepierre à collier

Spring departures from Iceland to the Nearctic breeding grounds occur mainly at the end of May (Alerstam et al. 1990), and recoveries in Greenland and Canada are in May-Aug. Birds breeding in the N region are present in West Africa Aug-May, and on their breeding grounds in northern Scandinavia Ma-Aug, with movements across Europe mainly in Apr-May and Sep.

Contrôles par Condition for Locustelle tachetée

Most recoveries (97%) due to birds recaptured alive (ringing recovery). Extremely few recoveries (N=3) before 1960.

Annual Movements for Locustelle tachetée

Breeding quarters in Europe left probably from Jul, with SW-movement patent in Aug. NW Africa is reached in Aug-Sep, and recoveries in W Africa mostly obtained in Jan. Departure from winter quarters in Jan, then birds seem to stop over up to 2 months somewhere in N Africa (Bayly et al. 2011).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Locustelle tachetée

Autumn migration patent in Aug, with movements to SW obvious across Europe. Recoveries from northern warblers in Iberia mostly in Sep-Oct. Passage across NW Africa (Morocco) also Sep-Oct (though note the few recoveries existing for the region). Ringing studies suggest that <10% of birds in Portugal may reach sub-Saharan grounds without refueling (Bayly et al. 2011), highlighting the importance of NW Africa as a main stopover region before crossing the Sahara in autumn. Wintering in W Africa (Mauritania, Senegambia) at least until Jan. Recoveries suggest a further-E flyway in spring, with more recoveries in the Mediterranean and less in Iberia (where, in addition, all are found along the Mediterranean façade, none in W Iberia), indicating a possible loop migration.

Contrôles par Condition for Bécasse des bois

A gamebird, so most recoveries come from birds dead by shot (ca. 70%). Before 1990, shooting comprised ca. 80% of all recoveries but from 1991 to present this percentage has decreased to ca. 70%, in favor of an increasing proportion (ca. 25%) of recoveries of birds alive, recaptured by ringing. This is mostly caused by a relatively recent increasing amount of projects to ring woodcocks in order to estimate their survival prospects (among many other issues), especially in southern Europe (Tavecchia et al. 2002, Péron et al. 2012, Prieto et a. 2019).

Annual Movements for Bécasse des bois

Ring-recovery data show that, in autumn, migration over Europe is patent in Oct, with arrival to winter quarters in Oct-Nov. Scape movements within-winter possible, in particular under harsh conditions (cold spills), that force birds to move to the coast and/or to south (Péron et al. 2011, Guzmán et al. 2017). Spring migration patent in Mar, with arrival to breeding quarters in Apr-May. However, census data reveal that wintering areas may start to be depleted from Feb (Arizaga et al. 2014). Remote tracking revealed: median departure from Iberia on 20 Mar, spring migration lasted a mean of 40 days, median date of arrival to breeding quarters on 29 Apr (Arizaga et al. 2014).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bécasse des bois

Similar temporal patterns for all those population which show migratory behavior. Birds from N Europe move mostly across the Atlantic façade. Leave their breeding sites in Sep/Oct, with recoveries again at or close their breeding quarters in Mar. Birds from C/E Europe migrate parallel as compared to those from N Europe, i.e. they have a more continental, less coastal flyway (though birds from E Europe obviously show longer migration distances). Recoveries in Sep still in E Europe; by Oct most recoveries in W/SW Europe. Population from NW, W, SW Europe, mainly resident with just short-range movements found. Birds wintering in Italy mostly from E Europe (i.e. a higher proportion of Central Siberian birds).