Contrôles par Condition for Oedicnème criard

Most encounters come from the period 1998-2008. They are obtained mainly during the breeding season – 76% from the period Apr-Jul. Majority of encounters are recorded in SC & SW Europe (79 and 12% respectively). In general, there are few recoveries before 1990. The encounters based on dead birds first increased from 60% pre-1960 to 78% in 1961-1990, then markedly decreased to 9% after 1991; those based on alive birds considerably increased over time – from 21% in 1961-1990 (there were none pre-1960) to 90% after 1991. The latter is mostly due to ringing recoveries, and especially to colour ring resightings. Shooting was an important factor in the past (40% of all recoveries pre-1960), it is currently responsible for 2% of all cases.

Ringing recovery data from SE & E Europe are lacking.

Annual Movements for Oedicnème criard

In migratory populations, autumn migration takes place mostly Oct-Nov. Migrating birds from the British population are encountered as early as Sep in W France, more encounters exist from Oct-Nov both from Spain and France. Records from Jan suggest either definite (Sierra Leone) or possible wintering (S Spain).

Satellite-tracked juvenile in Turkey started migrating S in late Oct, reaching Red Sea region in early Nov (Kittelberger et al. 2021).

A juvenile marked in S France is encountered in N Algeria early Mar next spring, either on passage or wintering in the region.

In general, spring movements are evident from late March, mostly in Apr (sometimes as late as May).

Satellite tracking study of two birds wintering in Tunisia revealed spring flights mainly above Tyrrhenian Sea towards the breeding grounds in N Italy (Giunchi et al. 2015).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Oedicnème criard

Based on distant recoveries (>=50 km), the distance moved by the C & W European populations is much larger than S European birds (sample sizes rather limited, though). Birds breeding on the British Isles are encountered mostly mid- to late autumn in W & SW Europe. In Portugal, except for the local population, wintering of birds from W Europe is also suggested (Equipa Atlas 2018). A possible loop migration for the British population has been suggested, based on colour-ring resightings in the Low Countries (Wernham et al. 2002). C European breeders (Germany) are encountered in Italy during migration. Birds breeding in SW & SC Europe perform mainly short-distance movements (Balearic islands – mainland Spain, within N Italy).

Return migration takes place mostly in mid-spring.

Long-distance recoveries from Africa are almost lacking.

Contrôles par Condition for Aigle criard

Very few recoveries before 1990 corresponding to three birds found dead. Only 57 ring recoveries after 1990, mainly of live birds (86%), obtained after 1999.

Annual Movements for Aigle criard

A family from East Poland has been tracked (Meyburg et al. 2005). Male, female and juvenile started the autumn migration in the last decade of September. The juvenile was lost in Albania on 26 October. The parents moved by Romania and Bulgaria and passed the Bosphorus in the second half of October. A bird rehabilitated and tagged in the UAE further moved to Kazakhstan and later to Pakistan (Strick et al. 2011).A famous bird fledged in Estonia and named Tönn was tracked from 2008 to 2017. He migrated each year between Estonia and el Hondo wetlands in Spain, and wandered extensively in summer across Finland, Norway and Sweden, though became a breeder in Estonia when mature. Tõnn generally travelled across France during the second decade of November (Reeber et al. 2009).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Aigle criard

Given the time schedule of tracked migrating individuals, the recoveries of Estonian and Polish birds from October and November should correspond to active migration, while recoveries later from December onwards should correspond to wintering, with recoveries on wintering grounds until February.

Contrôles par Condition for Phalarope à bec étroit

All recoveriesare of dead birds, the majority of which were shot.

Annual Movements for Phalarope à bec étroit

No records in Dec-Apr, first birds appear May, concentrated in breeding area in N Fennoscandia. There is a scatter of ecounters along the migration route from N Norway SE to Azerbaijan, with stragglers in SW Sweden and Spain. A few brids are still on migrationin Sep, stragglers in Poland, Germany, Spain. Only odd birds in Belgium, France, and Italy in Oct-Nov, one bird still in Ukraine in Nov.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Phalarope à bec étroit

Birds on spring passage in May in the Gulf of Bothnia connect to Volgograd, Russia in Jul and to N Norway in Jun. Breeding/post-breeding in Jul-Aug in Fennoscandia all connect to sites during early autumn migration in a large area from Minsk, Belarus to Ufa, Russia, in the east, and from Moscow south to Baku, Azerbaijan.

Contrôles par Condition for Grande Outarde

Protected species in Europe during the last several decades; game bird in the past. Most encounters are obtained in three major “waves” – in the early 1980s, late 1990s and around 2010. The encounters are generated mainly by juveniles, they are spread year round but nearly a third of them (ca. 31%) come from late summer – Jul-Aug (31% combined). The bulk of encounters come from C Europe (95%), the remainder – from W Europe.

Regarding the recovery condition categories the situation changed little over the years, data after 1960 only. Those based on dead birds (mostly found, sick and wounded) constitute 15-28%, while those based on alive birds (mostly metal ring readings in the field) – 68-85%.

Most distant (>=50 km) recoveries (93%) are less than 400 km away from the ringing site.

Annual Movements for Grande Outarde

Natal dispersal occurred in ca. 48% of the birds from populations in Spain (Martín et al. 2008).

Birds breeding in NE Germany are encountered in NW Germany or the neighbouring countries (Netherlands, France) – W and SW from their ringing sites, mostly in Jan, some of them staying until Mar. Couple of individuals are recorded in W & NW Poland in May.

Lower Volga Region breeders reach their wintering grounds close to Crimea as early as late Oct, mostly in Nov; return migration lasts for 5-9 days and takes place in Mar (Watzke 2001).

Four different movement patterns have been found in adult females from NW Spain – from females staying all year round within a relatively small home range area to females migrating between breeding and wintering areas (Alonso et al. 2000).

Human-induced mortality has been found to change species migration patterns (Palacín et al. 2017).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Grande Outarde

Most European populations are mostly sedentary or locally dispersive, others (E Europe) undertake short- to medium-distance movements (Watzke 2001). Mean natal dispersal distance has been found to be greater in males than in females (Alonso, Alonso, 1992).

Birds from the N German breeding population are encountered mostly in mid-winter (some – until early spring) W & SW from the ringing sites, covering short to medium distances within the same or neighbouring countries. Some birds are encountered in Poland until late spring.

The species is a differential migrant by sex in C Spain, males being less tolerant to summer heat – they migrate N after the breeding season, then move S in autumn-winter where they share the wintering grounds with migratory females (Alonso et al. 2001, Alonso et al. 2009, Palacín et al. 2009). Migratory behaviour was found to be flexible and culturally transmitted (Palacín et al. 2011). 

Contrôles par Condition for Pluvier guignard

 Overall ~40% of recoveries are of birds found dead, with the percentage reducing over time, although there are very few recoveries up to 1960.  Many of the dead recoveries are shot as Dotterel is potentially a confusion species with other game plovers. From 1991, most recoveries have been of birds recaptured by ringers or seen alive (70%).

Annual Movements for Pluvier guignard

GPS-tracked juveniles largley left southern France between mid-Sep and mid-Oct (the latest early Nov), flying directly to the south over the sea, overflying the Balearic Islands to wintering grounds in Algeria or Morocco.  Some stopped-over for a few weeks in Murcia in Spain. A GPS-tracked Finnish bird left the breeding grounds at the end of Aug and reached Libya in early Oct, while the spring migration started early Apr and was more rapid, taking about six weeks.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Pluvier guignard

Dotterels are still on their breeding grounds in Jul, start to move south in Aug, with most movements in Sep. Birds are spread across stopover sites in SW, C and S Europe in Oct. Arrivals on African wintering grounds occur as early as the end of Aug, but mostly in Oct, all birds having left Europe by mid-Nov. Spring return migration is rapid, in Apr; there are no recoveries during this period, although a bird was ringed on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. Most recoveries occur in Jun and Jul in the N.

Contrôles par Condition for Marouette ponctuée

There are very few old recoveries, mostly of birds found dead, while post-1990 recoveries are mostly of live birds retrapped by ringers (95%), mostly obtained in summer during the post-breeding period and during the 2000s.

Annual Movements for Marouette ponctuée

The spring migration starts with recoveries in southern France and northern Italy in March, with birds moving to central latitudes in April, and recoveries up to northern breeding grounds in May, in a SW to NE direction in spring. In August and September, there are more numerous recoveries of juveniles in lower countries, from Poland to France, shifting slowly southwards until October.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Marouette ponctuée

The very few African recoveries are from November and from the Mediterranean coast of the Maghreb. As a consequence, there is no ringing data to document the connectivity beyond what happens during the migration within Europe, and beyond a general pattern of annual movements, described below. There are some casual winter recoveries in southern European countries, from November to February.

Contrôles par Condition for Grèbe castagneux

Protected species in Europe. For the period 1961-1990 the recoveries coming from birds found dead and the alive recaptures had almost equal share. For more than a half of those recovered dead the cause of death is unknown. Direct shooting/ hunting played little role, mainly before 1960 – it accounts for about 7% of all cases over the years (large decrease from 13% pre-1960 to less than 1% after 1990). Currently about 86% of the recoveries from the last three decades (after 1990) come from alive birds, mostly ringing recoveries.

The main part of the ringing recoveries come from birds originating in C Europe due to the special efforts applied in that region.

Annual Movements for Grèbe castagneux

Dispersive and migratory movements largely dependent on the winter temperatures, the suitable ice-free wetlands being of importance for the birds. Resident birds predominate in about half of the species’ European breeding range. Most birds are back to their breeding grounds in Mar and early Apr. The species undergoes a flightless wing-moulting period in late summer and autumn. Post-breeding dispersal and start of autumn migration is evident as early as Aug (C European breeders), mostly in Sep. Those W European birds prone to move reach the wetlands along the Atlantic coast in Oct-Nov. N European birds (Denmark) have been encountered in W Europe (the Low Countries, France) in Nov-Dec, and in UK – in Jan.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Grèbe castagneux

Breeding birds from NW Europe and coastal zones of W Europe are encountered in late summer, autumn and winter either dispersed locally or along the Atlantic coast having covered short distances, while some of those inland W Europe migrate E to adjacent countries. C European breeders are mainly found W, SW & S from their breeding grounds during migration and winter – dispersed locally or having covered generally longer distances, reaching the Mediterranean region. Recoveries in Bulgaria (Aug) and Turkey (Mar) of birds ringed in Germany indicate migration to SE. Birds breeding in E Europe move generally W & SW (possibly S), being encountered on their wintering grounds in C & W Europe in Dec-Jan. There is an exceptional record of a bird ringed in Germany (Feb) and found in SW Siberia (Aug).

Contrôles par Condition for Bernache à cou roux

Nearly 70% of recoveries are of live birds, although 20% were shot. In recent decades fewer than 10% of recoveries are of shot birds.

Annual Movements for Bernache à cou roux

Recoveries during autumn passage in Kazakhstan and Russia occur in Oct. Some birds reach the wintering grounds in Oct (Netherlands), but the majority of winter recoveries are in Dec and Feb (Hungary, Bulgaria). Spring passage encounters occur in mid-Mar (Germany) and the end of Apr (Russia). The only encounter in the breeding area is at the beginning of Jun.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bernache à cou roux

Only scant information is available. A bird ringed in Feb in the Netherlands and shot on Yamal in early Jun is the only connection between wintering and breeding grounds. A bird on passage in Kazakhstan in Oct was found on a main wintering site in Bulgaria in Feb. Two birds ringed in Moscow at the end of Oct and recovered in the Netherlands are of dubious origin. A bird breeding on a small islet in the Finnish Gulf, far outside the normal range, has been recorded in Helsinki city park in Sep and Oct. Finally, a bird on passage outside range in Germany in Mar was recovered west of Ufa, southern Russia, in Apr.

Contrôles par Condition for Faucon sacre

Very few and only dead recoveries before 1990, and a neat increase in ringing effort and recovery numbers from the late 1980s onwards, leading to half alive ringing recoveries, obtained mainly during May and June so the breeding season.

Annual Movements for Faucon sacre

Tracking of numerous (45) juveniles from Central Europe provides detailed information on annual movements (see Prommer et al. 2012). Juveniles show partial autumn migration starting in October / November. Those moving go in a SW direction. Females travelled further for winter than males. The main wintering areas for migratory birds are in the Central Mediterranean region, with only females reaching the Sahel. First spring migration started late March / early April

Connectivité par mois par région pour Faucon sacre

In Central Europe, birds are present all year on the breeding grounds, and recoveries of migratory individuals in North Africa are concentrated in March and in October, along a direct southward route. There are also post-breeding dispersal recoveries in August and September, mainly of juveniles wandering in Europe.

Contrôles par Condition for Faucon kobez

Most encounters have been accumulated after 2007. They are obtained mainly during the breeding season, peaking in Jul (43% of all records). The bulk of encounters is recorded in C Europe (88%). In general, there are few recoveries before 1990. The encounters based on dead birds as a result of shooting stayed almost unchanged until 1990 (37-40%), then markedly decreased to less than 1% after 1991; those based on alive birds considerably increased over time – from 5% in 1961-1990 (there were none pre-1960) to 89% after 1991. The latter is mostly due to ringing recoveries, and especially to colour ring resightings – primarily in the countries with existing projects (Hungary, Italy).

Long-distance ring recoveries from African winter quarters S of Sahara apparently lacking.

Annual Movements for Faucon kobez

Post-breeding movements occur in the Baltic region, C & E Europe mostly in Aug-Sep.

Across the Mediterranean region, autumn migration takes place from mid-Sep to early Oct peaking in late Sep, while in spring, migration occurs from late Apr to mid-May with a peak in early May (Bounas et al. 2020). This is supported by encounters from Morocco and Spain to the Balkan Peninsula and Turkey.

Tracking data from birds breeding in N Kazakhstan show that autumn migration begins in early Sep with a westward trek, followed by S routes W of the Caspian Sea via the Middle East and NE Africa reaching their wintering grounds in S Africa in early Oct. Return migration starts in late Mar and follows more W routes, requiring crossing the Sahara and the C Mediterranean, the breeding sites in N Kazakhstan are reached in early May (Katzner et al. 2016).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Faucon kobez

Post-nuptial migration of Hungarian breeders has been tracked as far as S Ukraine (Fehérvári et al. 2014). Such movements (performed mainly by juveniles) irregularly take place also NW and N, reaching Germany, Denmark, SE Sweden and Poland, with encounters in late summer and early autumn. The same has been documented for the N Italian population as well (Kunze & Nennstiel 2020).

Birds breeding in C Europe take SW, S & SE routes during autumn migration, encounters from mid- to late autumn are available from the whole Mediterranean (a single African record from Morocco). Autumn migration could last – in the case of N Kazakhstan population – about a month, the S African wintering grounds are inhabited about six months (Katzner et al. 2016).

Breeding sites are reached mainly in mid- to late spring, sometimes early summer.