Contrôles par Condition for Hibou moyen-duc

Currently protected species in Europe. Most encounters are obtained after the 1970s. C & W Europe hold the bulk of encounters (ca. 35 and 34% respectively), considerable amount of them also in N Europe (19%). The encounters mainly come from May-Jun (ca. 26%) and Oct (13%), most ringed birds are juveniles.

The share of encounters based on dead birds changed little until 1991 (72-83%), then decreased to 47% after 1991. Those obtained due to shooting markedly decreased over time – from 18% pre-1960 to less than one percent after 1991. The encounters based on alive birds considerably increased from ca. 7% pre-1960 to 42%, mostly due to ringing encounters. Traffic is outlined as one of the most important negative factors after 1961 (15-16% of all cases).

Annual Movements for Hibou moyen-duc

In N Europe breeders, post-breeding dispersal lasts from late Jul to early Sep, later replaced by autumn movements till Oct-Nov. Their wintering grounds in W & C Europe are reached as early as Aug-Sep, but in most cases – in Oct-Nov. Return movements to the breeding sites take place in Mar-Apr; some encounters of birds still present in late May on their C European wintering grounds indicate possible late migration to the northernmost populations.

Most birds breeding in E Europe show similar timing in their migratory movements towards W Europe, however, their routes follow E – W direction.

Those birds from the W European breeders which migrate are encountered in SW Europe mostly Nov-Mar, S to N Spain.

Birds from the Icelandic population have been encountered in UK between Nov and May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Hibou moyen-duc

Longest-distance movements are performed by the populations in N and E Europe. Birds breeding in N European breeding population start their post-breeding dispersal from mid- to late summer, the autumn migration lasting in most cases until mid- to late autumn. They are encountered at their wintering grounds in W & C Europe from late summer, most often – in mid- to late autumn. Return migration to the breeding grounds is evident mainly early- to mid-spring, but sometimes lasting until late spring.

Three distinguished passage waves have been recorded during autumn migration along the Polish Baltic coast, the adults migrating earlier and the immatures – most numerous in the second and third wave (Michalonek et al. 2009). Uneven sex ratios have been recorded in migrating and wintering birds in W & N Europe (Overskaug, Kristiansen, 1994; Erritzøe, Fuller, 1999; Wernham et al. 2002).

Contrôles par Condition for Jaseur boréal

Most recoveries are after the 2000s, with irregular peaks possibly reflecting invasions, and are mainly outside the breeding season (~99% Oct-Apr). About 85% of all recoveries are in N Europe. Recoveries of dead birds increased from 53% pre-1961 to 70% in 1961-1990, then decreased to 6% after 1991; the percentage of recoveries of live birds has increased  from 9% pre-1961 to 93% after 1990. The latter is mostly due to recaptures and colour-mark resightings (mostly in the British Isles). Although there are no recent reports of shot birds, 15 to 22% of recoveries before 1991 were from shooting (noticeable concentration in SE France & N Italy). During invasions, a surprising number of birds are reported as having hit glass (Winkler 2006).

Annual Movements for Jaseur boréal

In non-irruptive years, post-breeding dispersal and migration are largely concentrated in S Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. During invasions, birds mainly move SW, S & SE in autumn. Once wintering sites at lower latitudes are reached, dispersal movements take place in any direction. In irruption years, the wintering grounds are reached as early as Sep (data from C and even S Europe) but normally the numbers build up later, with most encounters from Nov onwards. In spring, return movements are evident usually in Mar-Apr, but some birds are encountered as late as May. Numerous encounters from European Russia, W & C Siberia (mostly Oct-Feb, but also during the breeding season) suggest this is where birds involved in invasions in Europe originate from.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Jaseur boréal

In years of irruptions, substantial migratory movements are evident as early as late summer or early autumn. Most encounters of wintering birds at mid-latitudes, sometimes even the Mediterranean region, occur from late autumn through to early to mid-spring, although a few birds are present in late spring. Mainly autumn and winter encounters of birds in NE Europe & Siberia suggest that irruptive birds may come from these areas. The longest-distance recovery is of a bird marked in Hungary and encountered in the Russian Far East (nearly 8,000 km).

Contrôles par Condition for Oie des moissons

Classical switch from mainly dead recoveries of shots before 1960 to mainly colour ring reads today, though dead recoveries still the second recovery condition, but less than 6% in frequency. Heterogeneities in temporal patterns of recoveries might ensue from changes in recovery conditions, but also more ring reads during the 1990s. European Taiga Bean Geese historically showed lower survival that Tundra forms, which might be due to heavier hunting pressure (Fox et al. 2021) which may affect our ability to recognise patterns in the two forms.

Annual Movements for Oie des moissons

Breeders from Scandinavia winter in southern Scandinavia, mainly southern Sweden and Denmark, reaching northern Germany, few to the Netherlands. A few birds from Finnmark tracked with GPS wintered in southern Sweden, arriving there during the last decade of September, and leaving in the last decade of April. Most birds wintering in the Netherlands undergo a spring migration to Russia, reaching the Siberian tundra in the third decade of May. Migration to Finnmark mainly coastal, migration to Siberia mainly over the continent.

A recent tracking study provides novel information on movements of Finnish Taiga fabalis (Piironen et al. 2021); satellite-tracked non-breeders and unsuccessfull breeders migrate to the island of Novaya Zemlya in the high Arctic for wing moult, outside the breeding range, for approximately three months; migratory connectivity between breeding and moulting sites was very low; moult migrants began fall migration later in autumn than successful breeders, and their overall annual migration distance was more than twofold that of successful breeders; these tracked fabalis wintered in southern Sweden.

No separation of data from the two forms (tundra/taiga) here, so potential differences in timing between subspecies to be considered carefully (Heinicke 2010), as both forms seem also to locally hybridize (Ottenburghs et al. 2020).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Oie des moissons

No movements of wintering birds from end of November to the end of January, first movements towards southern Scandinavia noted early February, reaching Finland in March, installed in May (Nilsson 2011). Records restricted to northern Siberia after mid-May, so ongoing movements to the far-north during three months. In autumn, first notable movements noted in early September, to be completed during October. Far-eastern Siberian birds are on the move after the Scandinavian birds, and reach their breeding grounds later.

Contrôles par Condition for Faucon pèlerin

Until 1960, 88% of the recoveries were dead birds, including 47% shot birds. From 1961 to 1990 92% concerned dead birds, including 8% shot birds. From 1991 46% concerned dead birds, about 1% was shot. The hunting hotspots were the UK, Belgium, S and W France and Protuga. Birds were also shot in Fennoscandia, Denmark, S Spain and C Europe. Ringing recoveries are rare, but since 1990 the proportion ‘alive, identified by other means’ increased to over 40%, owing to the application of colour-rings that are frequently read in the field.

Annual Movements for Faucon pèlerin

From Nov - Feb the main concentrations are found in the UK, the Low countries and SW Germany; also Denmark, Ireland, France, Iberian Peninsula and C Europe, few in Italy and N and sub-Saharan Africa. These concentrations stay year-round. In Mar most birds move in NE direction: fewer birds in Africa and SE Europe, more in NE Europe and S Scandinavia. In Apr - May further increase in N Fennoscandia and E Europe, few birds in Spain, France and N Italy. From Jun - Sep few movements. In Oct most birds left N Scandinavia, still some birds in N Finland. 

Connectivité par mois par région pour Faucon pèlerin

Fennoscandian breeders are found in Denmark (Oct - Feb), British Isles (Oct - May), W and C Europe (Sep - May), Italy (Sep, Feb), Balkan (Jan, Mar), the Iberian Pen. (Oct - Apr), N Africa (Nov - May) and sub-Saharan Africa (Nov, Feb). UK breeders are found in Ireland (Dec - Feb), Belgium (Apr), France (Aug - Nov, Mar, Jun), Portugal (Sep, Nov) and Can.Islands (Mar). From the Low Countries recoveries in the UK (Oct - Apr, Jun), France (Aug - Feb) and C Europe (Aug, May). Birds from C Europe found in W Europe (Oct - Feb), The Balkan (Oct -Nov), Bulgaria (Aug), N Italy (Sep - Oct) and the Iberian Pen. (Oct - Mar). All recoveries are in the same migration corridor in Europe, but recent GPS tracking revealed longitudinal connectivity among six breeding populations in Eurasia (Gu et al. 2021).

Contrôles par Condition for Pluvier grand-gravelot

Until 1960 72% of the recoveries were dead birds, including 46% shot birds. From 1961 to 1990 38% concerned dead birds, 20% was shot. From 1991 almost all recoveries concerned alive birds. Most birds were shot at the westcoast of Belgium, France, Portugal, Spain and Morocco. Also in Italy and S France and Russia birds were shot. From 1991 6,7% of the recoveries was read in the field and 7,6% identified by color mark.

Annual Movements for Pluvier grand-gravelot

From Nov - Feb hotspots along the coasts of the British Isles, W Europe and Iberia. Also encounters at the coast of Morocco, Senegal and Ghana. In Mar numbers increase in Denmark, the Baltic States, S Scandinavia and in Italy. In Apr numbers decrease in Senegal, Ghana and SW Europe. In Fennoscandia numbers increase. In May big hotspots in the UK and the coasts of the Low Countries and Denmark from passing Tundrae. Birds arrived in Iceland, N Norway, SW Finland and Russia. Few birds left in Morocco and S Europe. In Jun - Jul birds are in their breeding areas. In Aug first birds in C and S Europe and Morocco. In Sep birds have left Iceland and N Norway, first birds in Senegal. In Oct almost no birds in Fennoscandia, most birds along coasts of W Europe and the UK or migrating in C Europe. First birds in Ghana.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Pluvier grand-gravelot

Fennoscandian birds are reported from W Europe, the British Isles and Morocco from Aug - Mar and from Ghana between Dec and Feb. Iceland birds are found mainly on the British Isles and W France from Sep – Apr, 1 in Morocco in Oct. Birds from W Iceland are also reported from Iberia in Sep - May. UK breeders are found in SW France, Ireland and S UK from Sep - Mar, in S Spain from Apr - May, in NW Africa south to Ghana from Oct - May. Birds from the Low Countries are reported in the UK from Sep - Nov, W France Sep - Feb, Portugal Aug - Sep. Breeders from Russia were reported from Finland (Aug), Poland, N Germany, Italy and Israel (Sep). Greenland breeders were found in the UK (May and Aug), Belgium (May) and SE Spain (Apr). A bird from Baffin Island (Can) was found in Ireland in Jan.

Contrôles par Condition for Pigeon ramier

As Wood Pigeon is hunred in most countries, overall about half of all recoveries are of shot birds, with 38% shot from 1991. Before 1991, almost all recoveries were of birds found dead with up to ca. 75% of them being shot in 1961-1990. Since 1991, the percentage of recoveries of birds found alive is ca. 40%.

Annual Movements for Pigeon ramier

Mgration towards SW Europe occurs in Sep-Oct, with a main passage through the W Pyrenees (one of the main flyways) in Oct. Encounters from Nov onwards are in the wintering areas, spread across W Europe, from Iberia to NW Germany and the British Isles, where they remain until Feb-Mar. By Mar, there are hardly any encounters in Iberia, and spring migration is active. Birds arrive in the N breeding quarters, in Fennoscandia, Apr-May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Pigeon ramier

Birds from S and W Europe, including the British Isles are mostly resident. The Baltic and N European birds migrate along Atlantic flyway to overwinter in SW Europe, mostly Iberia (birds shot in France are residents; Hobson et al. 2009). Birds leave the breeding grounds in Sep-Oct and peak in the W Pyrenees (with annual counts of >2.5 million birds) in Oct (Cohou et al. 2006). Departure from winter quarters is in Feb-Mar. Similar temporal patterns are seen on the Mediterranean flyway, which is used by birds from E Europe (up to Ukraine), which overwinter in Italyand S France.

Contrôles par Condition for Lusciniole à moustaches

Overall, the vast majority of recoveries (99%) are recaptures by ringers. There are extremely few recoveries (N = 5) before 1960; all of which were shot dead or encountered sick/wounded. There were some recoveries of dead individuals during 1961-1990. Since 1991, virtually all recoveries are recaptures.

Annual Movements for Lusciniole à moustaches

Movements to the winter quarters are seen in Oct, but it is likely that some birds left earlier. Birds are back on their breeding sites from Feb, but mainly in Mar. Distances moved are short (especially for the SW population) and it is likely that birds cover the distance between their breeding and wintering areas in just one/a few days.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Lusciniole à moustaches

For the SW population, encounters in Iberia of birds breeding in France are mostly in Oct-Mar, indicating true migratory movements. However, some shorter movements could be dispersal, which can be >100 km (Ceresa et al. 2016). Most individuals, however, seem to be philopatric (Ceresa et al. 2016). Island populations appera to be resident; e.g. birds in the Balearic islands only encountered there (Aymí 1991). For the eastern population, recoveries outside the breeding grounds are mostly in Oct-Mar, with some in Apr, especially in Italy.

Contrôles par Condition for Tourterelle turque

Before 1991, most recoveries (~ 57%) were of birds found dead, but birds reported alive (recaptures or resightings) comprise the vast majority (90%) of  recoveries since then. This is linked to the development of demographic studies, despite the species being a gamebird in several European countries.

Annual Movements for Tourterelle turque

Collared Dove has a long to medium distance dispersal strategy (Hensz 2018, Slager 2020), which enabled the colonization of Europe during the second half of the 20th century. Natal dispersal of up to a few 100 km facilitates this. Only a small number of Collared Doves migrate, but some birds make short to long distance movements in Sep-Oct to reach wintering sites.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Tourterelle turque

Most birds only move a few 100 km to the S or SW and these movements are not necessarily well documented by recoveries. Encounters are farily evenly distributed throughout the year, with no seasonal peaks. However, in autumn, movements occur in Sep-Oct, while in spring there are more in Apr.

Contrôles par Condition for Martinet à ventre blanc

Most encounters are obtained during the breeding season – primarily in Jun-Jul (53%). C European region holds exclusively almost all of them (ca. 99%). In total, ca. 90% of all encounters are based on alive birds – this share stayed comparatively high over the years (from 77% pre-1960, ca. 60% for the period 1961-1990 and ca. 95% after 1991). The number of encounters coming from dead birds before 1960 was 22%, then nearly doubled during the 1961-1990 period (40%) and currently it holds just 4% from the sample after 1991. Considerable amount of encounters (18%) was received in 1961-1990 due to cold weather.

The bulk of encounters are obtained after 2000.

Live recoveries of ringed birds are concentrated in Switzerland, where the species is most heavily studied.

Annual Movements for Martinet à ventre blanc

Post-breeding dispersion of C European breeding population (Switzerland) starts in Aug, when birds are encountered in the neighbouring countries SW and S from the breeding sites (S France, N Italy). Autumn migration is evident mostly in Sep-Oct (lasting until Nov) at lower latitudes in SW Europe & NW Africa. Encounters from the wintering grounds are very limited – from Jan (Ghana) and Kenya. During spring migration birds are encountered as early as Feb but mostly Mar-Apr (until May) on their way back at similar locations in Maghreb and the Iberian and Apennine Peninsulas. Tracked Swiss breeders undertake a migratory journey of ca. 3500 km to W Africa in about two weeks (Liechti et al. 2013).

There are very few long-distance ring recoveries from the African winter quarters.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Martinet à ventre blanc

Migratory movements of the breeding population in C Europe start as early as late summer, being more pronounced in mid- to late autumn. At this time lots of encounters exist from SW Europe, but also from Italy and N Morocco and Algeria. Limited data from the wintering sites suggest mid-winter encounter in W Africa. Early- to mid-spring encounters are available from the same regions in NW Africa, Spain, France and Italy; migration continues until late spring. Post-breeding dispersal of the Swiss population results in numerous encounters in almost all neighbouring countries, incl. some breeding cases in following years.

Most encounters involve short distances covered only – less than 100km from the ringing site.

Contrôles par Condition for Bergeronnette printanière

Until 1960 48% of the recoveries were dead birds: 16% were shot and 5,9% intentionally taken. From 1961 to 1990 34% concerned dead birds: 13% were shot and 3,3% intentionally taken. From 1991 almost all recoveries concerned alive birds.
Hotspots for shot birds are N Italy and the coasts of Spain and Portugal. Also many birds shot in SW France, S Italy, Greece and Morocco.

Annual Movements for Bergeronnette printanière

From Nov - Feb birds are in the winter areas from Senegal to C Afr. Republic, also some in NW Africa and S Europe (mainly Spain). In Mar numbers in NW Africa increase. In Apr many arrive in C Europe, the Low Countries and S UK, also many in NW Africa and S Europe and few still in W Africa. In May birds arrive in Fennoscandia, less birds in S Europe and NW Africa and none left in W Africa. In Aug numbers in Spain and N Italy increase. In Sep few birds in Fennoscandia, numbers in C Europe and UK decrease, numbers in S Europe and N Africa increase. In Oct most birds have left Fennoscandia, C and W Europe and UK. Many birds in S Europe and NW Africa with hotspot along coasts of Ib. Peninsula. Many birds arrive in W Africa.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bergeronnette printanière

Fennoscandian birds pass S Sweden and S Finland in Aug; reports from Belgium, C Europe, N taly and S France (Aug-Sep), Ib. Peninsula (Aug-Dec, May), S Italy (Oct, May), NW Africa (Oct-Nov, Apr-May) and Senegal - C Afr. Republic (Oct-Apr). UK birds pass S UK and W France in Aug-Sep; reports from Portugal (Sep-Nov), Spain (few Sep-Nov, more Mar-Apr), Morocco (few Sep-Nov, more Mar-May) and Senegal - Guinnee Bissau (Oct-Apr). From Low Countries reports from France (Aug–Sep), Ib. Peninsula (Sep-Nov), NW Africa (Aug-Dec and Mar-Apr) and W Africa (Nov-Apr). C Europe birds are found in France (Sep-Oct, Apr), Ib. Peninsula (Sep-Dec, few Apr), few Greece (Oct, Dec), Italy and NW Africa (Sep-Oct, Mar-May) and Senegal - C Afr. Republic (Oct-Mar). N. populations move longest and leap-frig over S populations (Bell 1996; Bell2007).