Recuperaciones por condición para Avetoro común

Majority of encounters are of dead birds, one quarter shot, mainly in France. Dead, sick or wounded birds mainly in Netherlands, presumably wintering birds found or taken in during cold weather. Very few ringing recoveries. Proportion live re-encounters higher after 1991, almost one-third refers to birds alive, identified by other means.

Movimientos anuales para Avetoro común

From November to February all encounters concentrated in low countries, UK, France, occasionally Central Europe. From end March first movement towards NE apparent with scattered encounters in Fennoscandia and Baltic states. By May, many encounters in E Germany and Poland, stretching into June, when also most encounters in Fennoscandia are concentrated. In August and early September scattered encounters all over Europe, possibly due to post-breeding (natal) dispersal. Few encounters in September, southernmost locations reached in October.

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Birds in June, July in N Europe predominantly re-encountered in December in UK, France, Spain and Italy. Few birds that move South re-encountered in Aug-Oct in Russia, suggesting passage with wintering areas in Middle East and Africa, where undetected. Birds in June, July in C. Europa in low countries and France in December. Birds outside breeding season in N. and C Europe re-encountered close-by in winter. UK breeders remain in UK. Birds in S.C. in winter all re-encountered in June in C. and N. Europe. Birds in W. Europe in June, July in France and UK Oct-Jan, or close-by in all months, but tracking study revealed some birds cross Sahara (van der Winden et al 2020). Birds in winter in W. Europe re-encountered in June in Sweden, Finland, few C. and E. Europe. Shorter winter movements within region.

Recuperaciones por condición para Morito común

Overall, most (>55%) recoveries are due to the identification of birds with leg ring(s). For instance, from 1996 to 2011 more than 15000 chicks were ringed in Doñana (Spain), and almost 10000 of these birds were resighted (Santoro et al. 2013). Recoveries before 1990, however, mostly came from shooting or unknown conditions. From 1990 to present, ca. 70% of the recoveries are due to leg rings. This difference between periods (before/after 1990) is also due to the fact that the population was very small until recent times. Thus, the increase and expansion of the population and the generalization of the use of leg rings in many breeding colonies is allowing the collection of a very high number of recoveries throughout much of the breeding and non-breeding range of the species in Europe and, to a lesser extent, Africa as well.

Movimientos anuales para Morito común

Dispersal begins in Jul/Aug and does not vary between age classes or sexes; in SW Europe, dispersal is reported to increase with droughts (Santoro et al. 2013). Resident strategies also detected.

Conectividad por mes por región para Morito común

The C/E European birds start their post-fledging/post-breeding movements in Jul, and the winter destinations are reached already from Sep. Movements to breeding sites detected from Mar. In Apr-May, birds can still remain in NE Africa (Nile Valley). Starting of the post-fledging/post-breeding dispersals of SW birds shows a pattern similar to that observed for the C/E European populations. Recoveries in NW Africa or as far as UK or some places from C/E Europe from Aug onwards. Some relatively distant recoveries in summer indicate natal dispersal which supports some degree of genetic flow between W and E populations (Santoro et al. 2019).

Recuperaciones por condición para Pelícano común

As for most species, old recoveries are mainly of dead birds (44%), a proportion that decreased to 22% after 1990, as recovery numbers bumped after 2010 due to colour ringing projects.

Movimientos anuales para Pelícano común

European migratory great white pelicans move southward by the straits of Bosphorus, to further fly along the Mediterranean coast of the Middle East, before following the Nile river to reach the large inland lakes in Kenya and Tanzania. There are however numerous winter recoveries along the way, though it is not possible to decide if these are attesting regular wintering along the route, or unusual records obtained because of high recovery probability due to observation effort.

The migration routes of pelicans tagged in Israel were similar, especially when crossing the Gulf of Suez and along the Nile River, though one bird made a long stopover at the Nile Delta west of the main route (Efrat et al. 2019). The pelicans migrated 3 days over the desert before reaching the Nile River, and then followed the river south until it bends west, where they crossed the desert again.

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Some pelicans stay in South East Europe, Turkey or Israel in winter, but migrants are on the move in September. There is no useful ringing recovery to document the spring migration.

Recuperaciones por condición para Cárabo gavilán

Currently protected species in Europe. Just three encounters prior to 1960. About 16% of all encounters were obtained in a single year (1976), during an influx. The bulk of encounters (mostly juveniles) come from May-Jun – 29% (nestbox ringing), and from Sep-Nov (42%, autumn dispersal/ irruptions). N Europe holds the majority of encounters (92%).

Those based on dead birds did not change much over time – from 42% in 1961-1980 (10% shot) to 35% after 1991 (no shot birds, other reasons only), neither those based on alive birds – 54 and 59% respectively (the latter mostly due to ringing encounters and metal ring read in the field). Traffic is among the currently important negative factors (8%).

Quite limited number of distant recoveries (>=50 km).

Movimientos anuales para Cárabo gavilán

Post-natal/ autumn dispersal is particularly evident in juveniles – starting from Sep but encountered until Dec, some tens or hundreds of kilometers away from the breeding sites. Several extreme cases involve encounters of birds in W Siberia, almost 3000km E from their breeding sites.

In prey-rich years many birds stay resident, overwintering in their breeding territories; in prey-poor years they disappear in Oct and in years of rodent population minimum owls migrate even earlier – in Aug. Those birds which had travelled away to overwinter return to their breeding sites in Mar-Apr (Noskov et al. 2016).

Irruptions involve large number of juveniles (85%) (Cramp 1985) or consist entirely of juvenile birds (Duncan, Duncan 2020).

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Species density and population trend highly dependent on the geographically asynchronous fluctuations of microtine populations which peak every 3-5 years (Duncan, Duncan 2020).

All encounters are located within N Europe (N & E regions) – Fennoscandia and Russia: mostly within-country movements and small amount of short-distance movements across neighbouring countries.

Post-breeding movements in juveniles are evident from early autumn and last until late autumn or early winter. Depending on the prey availability populations can be resident or partly migratory (the birds leaving their breeding sites in mid-autumn or even in late summer). The breeding territories are occupied back in early- to mid-spring (Noskov et al. 2016).

Recuperaciones por condición para Escribano hortelano

Poaching of ortolan buntings in western Mediterranean countries (France, Italy, Spain) provided most of ring recoveries of harvested buntings before the 2000s. Poaching stopped in 2018 in France, and conditions of recoveries largely heterogeneous along time periods. Most live recovery from actively migrating individuals along the flyways. Large ringing effort on last Norwegian population provided most of the recoveries along the western flyway.  Recent migration connectivity unravelled by light loggers (Selstam et al. 2015; Jiguet et al. 2019).

Movimientos anuales para Escribano hortelano

Spring migration starts during the last decade of March / first decade of April. In the North, birds mostly resighted on breeding grounds in May, in active migration in April. In the South-West, breeders are back on territories second half of April. No ringing data to inform the movements of birds using the eastern flyway, but light loggers data indicate a return to breeding sites mainly during the first decade of May in European Russia (Jiguet et al. 2019). In autumn, departures from breeding grounds mainly during the second half of August in the North and the East. Arrivals on wintering grounds mainly during the first decade of October. Hence nearly 6 months spent on wintering grounds.

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Pattern known mainly from the western flyway, though tracking data suggest similar phenology along the eastern flyway. Along the western flyway, autumn migration starts mid-August and peaks during second decades of September in France. Desert crossing (Sahara, Arabia) occurs mid-April in spring, second half of September in autumn (Jiguet et al. 2019).

Recuperaciones por condición para Garcilla cangrejera

Overall, most recoveries due to birds found dead, with more or less similar proportions between those dead by shot and those found sick/wounded. An also remarkable proportion (28%) of recoveries is associated to unknown causes, but most of these might be due to birds found dead. From the decade of 1990 onwards, the proportion of recoveries by shot has decreased up to less than 4%, whilst recoveries of birds found alive have increased to 26%. Note, however, that these stats are based in very small sample sizes.

Movimientos anuales para Garcilla cangrejera

Autumn migration to Africa patent in Sep, might start earlier at least in some populations. Recoveries in Africa from Oct to Mar. Some birds, still a minority, overwinter in Europe

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Recoveries in Africa of SE European populations in Aug, Dec and Mar. Recoveries in Europe, mostly across a NE-SW axis connecting breeding to winter quarters, from Mar to Sep; some recoveries also in Dec, hence some birds overwinter in Europe. Recoveries N to ringing site in Aug, which might reveal some N-ward after-breeding dispersal before the autumn migration to Africa. Very similar pattern to SC Europe, though in this case no recoveries in Africa. Many recoveries in spring (mostly in Apr) in SC Europe belong to herons ringed in SE Europe or, more exceptionally, in SW Europe (e.g., a bird ringing in Doñana in Jun recovered in C Italy in Apr).

Recuperaciones por condición para Archibebe oscuro

Most encounters are obtained between the early 1960s and mid-1970s. They come mainly from the autumn migration – 64% in Aug-Sep, when juveniles have primarily been ringed. Majority of encounters are recorded in N, C and W Europe (29, 24 and 23% respectively). The encounters based on dead birds decreased from 97% pre-1960 to 28% after 1991; those based on alive birds markedly increased over time – from practically none before 1960 to 71% after 1991. The latter is mostly due to ringing recoveries. Shooting was an important factor in the past (78% of all pre-1960 recoveries) but still it is currently responsible for 18% of all cases.

Most of the distant (>=50 km) recoveries are less than 2000km away (but at least one is more than 6000km). Ringing recovery data from SE & E Europe are very limited.

Movimientos anuales para Archibebe oscuro

Due to the species breeding system (short-lived pair-bonds, males incubate and take care of the broods largely alone) females leave the breeding grounds first – in Jun, males – in Jul, and juveniles – mostly in Aug-Sep (Van Gils et al. 2020).

Lots of birds ringed during Jul-Aug in S Fennoscandia, Denmark and Germany are encountered mainly in C Europe and along the coasts of W Europe and the C & W Mediterranean in Sep-Nov, with some records of apparently overwintering birds until Feb-Mar. The encounters from N and NW Africa are from Oct-Feb, and from the wintering grounds in W Africa and Sahel zone – from Jan-Mar. Return migration starts in Mar (locally can be delayed until mid-May; Van Gils et al. 2020) and the breeding sites are reached mostly in May.

Small number of birds are known to oversummer in the tropics (W Africa) (Van Gils et al. 2020).

Conectividad por mes por región para Archibebe oscuro

Post-breeding dispersal and autumn migration movements start in early to mid-summer, adults preceding juveniles which migrate mostly late summer to early autumn. Lots of encounters have been generated by birds marked in late summer and early autumn in S Finland, S Sweden, Denmark and C Europe – mostly in the W European and Mediterranean coastal zones, during early to late autumn. The encounters from Africa are not numerous, most of them from N & NW Africa (mid-autumn do mid-winter) and fewer from the wintering grounds further S (mid-winter to early spring). Breeding grounds are occupied back mostly in late spring. Spring migration is fairly rapid (Hildén 1979, Delany et al. 2009).

Migration data analyses from Germany suggest earlier arrival in spring and delayed departure in autumn, presumably in response to climate change (Anthes 2004).

Recuperaciones por condición para Urogallo común

Capercaillie is legally hunted in a number of European countries. Most recoveries are after 2000, with about half of them (ca. 52%) occuring in Apr-May. The vast majorinty (ca. 91%) of recoveries are in N & C Europe - 64 and 27% respectively. The percentage of recoveries which are of dead birds has decreased from 100% pre-1961 to 39% after 1991, while recoveires of live birds have from 0% to 54%. The causes of mortality are shooting (f57% pre-1961, 5% after 1991), power lines (11 to 2%) and road traffic (rather stable - ca. 4-5%) etc. Recoveries as a result of metal rings being read in the field i increased from 5.5% in 1961-90 to 24% after 1991.  There is a very limited number of distant recoveries (>=50 km).

Movimientos anuales para Urogallo común

In C Europe, post-breeding dispersal of birds is marked in Jun (adult male) and Aug (juvenile female) resulted in same-year encounters in Oct and Nov respectively. In Estonia, a full-grown female moved ca. 120km in less than a month at the beginning of the breeding season and similar movements of females have been recorded  in Scotland (Moss et al. 2006). Some distant recoveries (>=50 km) from Norway, Sweden and Finland show no clear pattern of movement. It has been suggested, based on ringing data in Finland, that the fragmented habitat drive longer movements in S Finland (more fragmented forests) compared to Finnish Lapland (less fragmented habitats; Saurola et al. 2013).

Conectividad por mes por región para Urogallo común

Local movements are usually tosearch for food and gastroliths (Gizard stones; Potapov & Flint 1987). Post-breeding dispersal (mostly of juveniles) in C Europe and Fennoscandia is marked in summer leading to within-country or neighbouring country encounters 3-4 months later during mid- to late autumn short distances away. A pre-breeding movement of a female bird early- to mid-spring has been recorded in Estonia. The remaining distant recoveries (>=50 km) from Scotland and Fennoscandia are too few to help understand general movements.

Recuperaciones por condición para Quebrantahuesos

No ring-recovery data.

Movimientos anuales para Quebrantahuesos

No ring-recovery data. Juvenile dispersal starts in summer time, but most birds remain close to their natal areas, rarely leaving natal mountain range.

Conectividad por mes por región para Quebrantahuesos

No ring-recovery data.

Recuperaciones por condición para Buitre negro

Data only from 1991 to present. Limited amount of data (47 recoveries). Overall, 53% found alive (mostly with leg ring(s), color marks or other means), 43% dead. A 11% of dead recoveries caused by electrocution.

Movimientos anuales para Buitre negro

European population is resident, with just some juvenile dispersion. This dispersion occurs from Jul onwards. Complementary bibliographic data state that there are two main patterns of dispersal: those birds which leave their natal sites soon and fly long distances, and those which remain close to these natal sites and then move progressively farther away (Del Moral & De la Puente, 2017).

Conectividad por mes por región para Buitre negro

See ‘Annual movements’.