Recuperaciones por condición para Abejero europeo

39% of the recoveries concerned birds that were shot, hunted or intentionally taken, 30% was found dead and 5,6% road casuality. Until 1960 86% of the recoveries were dead birds, including 62% shot birds. From 1961 to 1990 92% concerned dead birds, including 38% shot birds. From 1991 66% concerned dead birds, about 10% was shot.
Most birds were shot in France and Italy. Also in Georgia and along the Mediterranean east-coast. Other birds shot in Finland, C and E Europe, the Low Countries, Greece and Nw Africa.

Movimientos anuales para Abejero europeo

In Apr the first birds arrive in Europe but most arrive in May, few birds still in W Africa then. From Jun to Aug the breeding areas are ocupied: most in the Low Countries, C Europe and Finland, fewer in S Scandinavia and few in Spain. In Jul - Aug the first migrants are found in Lebanon, S Spain and NW Africa. In Sep fewer birds in breeding areas, more birds in S Europe, Georgia and Near East, few birds in NW and W Africa. In Oct more birds in W Africa, still many in S Europe, especially Italy and Greece. Recoveries in breeding areas from Oct - Mar are mostly found dead and normally would not be there. From Nov - Mar the sub-Saharan winter areas are occupied. In Mar the first migrators appear in NW Africa and Near East.

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Birds from Finland found Sep Oct in E Europe, C Europe, Greece, Georgia, Near East, Italy, W Europe and S Spain (also Aug). From Mar-Apr reports from E and C Europe, Near East and Italy. Loop migrations for E European birds documented (Agostini et al 2012; Agostini et al 2019). In NW Africa reports in Dec, Mar and May; in sub-Saharan Africa (from Guinea to DR Congo) found from Aug (immature) to Apr. Birds from Scandinavia found in W Europe (Aug - Jan), Spain (Jul and Oct); Ivory Coast and Ghana recoveries in Jan-Mar. From Low Countries birds reported in France (Sep-Nov), Morocco (Sep) and Ghana and Togo (Nov-Mar). C Europe birds found in SW France and Italy (most Sep-Oct, also May), Spain (Aug-Sep), NW Africa (Oct-Dec, May) and between Liberia and Eq.Guinea (Oct-May). One bird found Lebanon (Aug).

Recuperaciones por condición para Zampullín cuellirrojo

Protected species in Europe. Most encounters recorded in N & NW Europe (about 75%). The majority of records (84%) for the period 1961-90 pertain to dead birds, incl. shot/hunted (16%); their share largely decreased to just 12% after 1990. Inversely, the share of recoveries from alive birds increased considerably from 16% in 1961-90 to about 87% after 1990 (the ringing recoveries forming 62%). Oil spills are potentially important factor (two oil-victims for the period 1961-90). Known to be susceptible to fisheries by-catch on inland waterbodies and at sea in North America (limited data for Europe, two cases after 1990) (Kirk 2014).

Movimientos anuales para Zampullín cuellirrojo

Fennoscandian breeders start leaving their breeding sites in late Aug. Their autumn migration is more pronounced in Oct-Nov, the wintering sites along the Atlantic Coast of France, the North Sea and S Baltic Sea are reached in Nov-Dec. Pre-breeding movements are mostly in Mar-Apr, and the arrival on the breeding grounds is in Apr-May.

Autumn movements of E European and SW Siberian breeders well expressed in Oct; spring return from Caspian Sea initiated in late Mar (Ilichev 1978). Birds breeding in Scotland remain on their breeding sites until late Oct, by Nov most have spread along the coast; the spring return takes place in Mar (Wernham et al. 2002). The species undergoes a flightless wing-moulting period in late summer and autumn, either staying on the breeding sites or moving to large lakes where it gathers in flocks.

Conectividad por mes por región para Zampullín cuellirrojo

Post-breeding movements of Fennoscandian breeders start in late summer, peaking in late autumn. Birds from this population are encountered in late autumn and winter (Nov-Dec) along the coasts/ coastal zones of N Poland, The Netherlands and France. Part of the Norwegian population migrates as far S as the Scottish Coast. Spring migration takes place mostly in Mar and Apr. The breeding sites are reached in mid- to late spring, in the extreme N and E parts of Europe they may not be occupied until late May. Scottish breeders leave their breeding sites towards local sea coasts in late autumn, returning back in early spring. A bird from the Icelandic breeding population has been encountered in Scotland in late Oct.

Recuperaciones por condición para Alimoche común

Most recoveries (ca. 70%) are of birds found alive, many of colour-marked birds – increasingly used in more recent years. Only two birds have been reported shot. There are only four recoveries before 1991 three found dead or sick or wounded and one with unknown fate.

Movimientos anuales para Alimoche común

First movements after breeding start in Jul; and continue Aug-Sep, with recoveries in and around Gibraltar showing passage to Africa. Birds leave Africa from Feb (up to Mar), (García-Ripollés et al. 2010, Phipps et al. 2019) nd arrive in Europe from Mar.

Conectividad por mes por región para Alimoche común

With only four recoveries in Africa, there is little to conclude. Recoveries in Morocco in Oct and Mar reflect autumn and spring passage, a bird in W Africa in Jan was presumably wintering. A recovery in W Africa in Jun suggests an immature bird spending the summer in winter quarters. Recoveries in Europe show similar pattern for the SW/W European populations. Many are of juvenile dispersal, mostly in Jul-Aug; there is no clear direction, but movement can be over several 100 km. Other movements show a NE-SW axis, towards Gibraltar to cross to Africa, with recoveries in SW Spain from Jul onwards. Recoveries in Gibraltar in Dec/Jan may suggest wintering within the region.

Recuperaciones por condición para Pato colorado

Game species in Spain, France, Russia and Azerbaijan (Defos du Rau, Perennou, 2007). The recoveries based on alive and dead birds have almost equal share over time (48 vs. 49.4%). However, dead bird recoveries (mostly shot) heavily predominated in the past (73% pre-1960 and about 85% during 1961-1990), while they formed only 18.4% after 1991. Inversely, during the last three decades about 81% of all recoveries are based on alive birds – mostly identified from a distance (nasal tags and metal rings read in the field). Most alive bird recoveries come from Switzerland, France and The Netherlands.

Three regions are responsible for ca. 75% of all encounters – C, SW and W Europe.

Most encounters obtained in three “waves” – early 1960s, mid-1980s and mid-2010s, depending on the running projects.

Movimientos anuales para Pato colorado

Some populations undertake post-breeding moult migrations to places distant from the breeding sites (Madge, Burn, 1988). The species undergoes a flightless wing-moulting period in late summer, females moulting a month later than males and non-breeders (Scott, Rose, 1996). Timing of migratory movements is rather consistent across migratory populations within Europe. In autumn some movements take place in Sep-Oct, but the main migration occurs mostly in early Nov and the wintering grounds are usually reached by Dec. Spring migration takes place in Feb-Mar, most breeding sites are reached by Apr (or early May in the northernmost parts of the range – SW Siberia).

The resident populations in SW and C Europe, as well as in the UK, are locally dispersive; the latter is considered feral.

Conectividad por mes por región para Pato colorado

Weather conditions determine strong fluctuations and dynamic movements between breeding, moulting and wintering sites (Keller et al. 2020). During winter the species could either form big concentrations or be highly dispersed (Scott, Rose, 1996).

Breeding birds from C, N & W Europe are encountered from late autumn until early spring mostly in the W Mediterranean region, less often – along the Atlantic Coast and the big pre-alpine lakes. Local breeders on the Iberian Peninsula undertake short within-region movements to coastal waters or inland wetlands for wintering. Post-breeding dispersal of the birds from the Black & Caspian Sea regions starts in late summer, later on they are found wintering locally or in the E Mediterranean. Birds ringed in late summer at the Caspian Sea have been found in SW Siberia during breeding season.

Recuperaciones por condición para Negrón común

Almost only dead recoveries for this species, mostly beach wrecks, including oiled birds, but also hunted (8%), with anecdotical live ring recoveries (1%), all obtained before 1960. Dead recoveries mainly obtained since the 1990s, with half of them obtained in 1996, the year of the Sea Empress oil spill off Pembrokeshire (but oil victims represent ‘only’ 8% of all recoveries). Dead ring recoveries means that GPS tracks provide a different appraisal of the migration schedule because they provide multiple sightings for each individual, while dead recovery provide only singles, definitely.

Movimientos anuales para Negrón común

Only few tracking projects undergone, tagging birds off the Baltic states and in the North Sea. Interesting track for an individual arrived on the breeding grounds, east of the Pechora river, at the end of May and left in the first decade of August. Most of May and August spent at stopovers in the Barents Sea and in Estonia. The departure from the Danish wintering ground occurred in the first week of April, the return in autumn in the last decade of September.

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First resightings on breeding grounds noted in May in Scandinavia, in Jun in Far East Russia. Still ring recoveries in Finland and the Baltic Sea from Oct to Dec, but Jan-Mar records mainly restricted to the North Sea and British Isles.  Some birds summer down to NW Europe where ring recoveries are scattered along the year. A few extralimital records in Croatia and S Spain. More precise information can be obtained from recent GPS tracking efforts on the species.

Recuperaciones por condición para Águila imperial oriental

Almost no recoveries before 1990, of mostly dead birds. Half of recoveries are of live birds after 1990, with an increase in recovery numbers in the 2000s.

Movimientos anuales para Águila imperial oriental

Imperial Eagle. Six adult birds tagged on their wintering grounds in Saudi Arabia migrated to Russia (4), Kazakhstan and China. The distances between the summer home ranges and the wintering areas ranged between 3,900 and 5,000 kilometres (Meyburg and Meuburg 2010).

Juvenile Spanish Eagles often move to Morocco during post-fledging dispersal, and tracking data might document this.

Conectividad por mes por región para Águila imperial oriental

Imperial Eagle. Recoveries on the wintering grounds range from November to March, though there are numerous recoveries within the breeding range all along the year. Recoveries outside the usual flyway, in West or South-West Europe, have been obtained in September and October.

Spanish Eagle. Most recoveries are of juveniles dispersing at short distances from their nest within a few months after fledging.

Recuperaciones por condición para Págalo rabero

The one bird was encountered dead.

Movimientos anuales para Págalo rabero

Long-tailed Skuas migrate away from the breeding grounds in July-August to an important stopover in the middle of the Northern Atlantic, which is utilized during September (Davies et al. 2021). From October onwards, birds migrate to the wintering grounds and can use multiple areas during a single winter. Migration towards the breeding grounds is initiated in late April.

Conectividad por mes por región para Págalo rabero

The one bird was ringed in July and recovered in August during southward migration.

Recuperaciones por condición para Gaviota enana

Overall, half of this species recoveries (ca.49%) are due to birds found dead, sick or wounded, and 35% are birds seen alive (ringing recoveries). The proportion of dead recoveries has always been high, no less than 47% in any of the three chief time periods. The proportion of ringing recoveries reached a peak in 1961-1990 time period (ca. 40%), then decreasing to 18% from 1990 to present, where the alive recoveries other than from ringing or identified by other means, increased up to 30%.

Movimientos anuales para Gaviota enana

First-year birds start to migrate earlier than adults (already in Jul, peaking mid Aug/mid Sep). Post-breeding migration starts in late Aug until early Nov, according to literature, concentrations at specific moulting places before resuming their autumn S/SW-ward movements (Olsen & Larsson 2004). Arrival back to breeding sites in Finland / Baltic area in late Apr/ May. Spring migration takes place very rapidly (Schwemmer & Garthe 2006).

Conectividad por mes por región para Gaviota enana

Phenological pattern similar to all populations; see then the 'Annual movements' section. 

Recuperaciones por condición para Cormorán pigmeo

Currently protected species in Europe. Most encounters are obtained after 2013 (ca. 36%). They are spread throughout the whole year but the majority are from the breeding season (in Jun ca. 33%). Due to colour-ringing projects the number of encounters increased considerably over the years – 77% of all are based on alive birds after 1991 (primarily from Hungary). The encounters based on dead birds (primarily as a result of shooting) markedly decreased from 100% before 1960 and 70% in 1961-1990 to ca. 20% after 1991. The level of importance of drowning in fishing nets as a negative factor was previously considered unknown (Crivelli et al. 1996), but ringing encounters could be of use providing additional data (ca. 6% of all cases after 1991).

The overall sample size contains very limited number of encounters.

Movimientos anuales para Cormorán pigmeo

Birds from the N Italian population have been encountered wintering - mostly Dec-Feb (range Oct-Mar), close to and N from their colonies. Hungarian breeders have been encountered between Aug and Jan within the country, as well as in some neighbouring countries during autumn (Oct, Slovenia) and spring migration (Apr, Croatia). Birds breeding in Serbia along the Danube have been encountered (1) further SE downstream (Sep, Romania) and W Bulgaria (Apr), (2) or W upstream Sava River (Oct) and (3) further S, in Albania (Dec). Danube Delta breeders take SW routes to overwinter along the Adriatic coast (Nov, Montenegro) or inland (Dec, Doiran Lake). Birds breeding in Dagestan (Russia) and Azerbaijan overwinter mostly locally – along the SW & S Caspian coast or on inland wetlands (Ilichev 1978).

Conectividad por mes por región para Cormorán pigmeo

Post-breeding dispersal and autumn migration are evident from late summer, the wintering sites are normally reached in late autumn – early winter.

The movements towards the wintering sites on the Balkan Peninsula (both along the coasts and inland wetlands) could follow SW, S & SE directions to lower latitudes. On the opposite, in N Italy migration further N from the breeding grounds has been recorded. The Caspian Sea region involves migratory movements mostly along the N-S axis. Breeding sites are occupied normally early- to mid-spring.

Birds marked in just four countries responsible for the small number of encounters (Hungary, Italy, Serbia and Azerbaijan).

Recuperaciones por condición para Águila calzada

Mostly dead recoveries, obtained after 1960, while live recoveries represent 3% before 1990, 20% after. So the observed pattern rely on birds that failed to survive or were killed.

Movimientos anuales para Águila calzada

Concerning long-distance migratory individuals, tracked Spanish birds took three to four weeks to reach the wintering grounds; from mid-September to mid-October in autumn, and mainly in March in spring (Urios et al. 2017). After passing the straits of Gibraltar, the migration routes are continental, crossing the Sahara across a large belt, from eastern Mauritania to western Niger, wintering from Mali to Chad, north of the tropical forest belt (Urios et al. 2017). A breeding female from France migrated to the same Nigerian region in successive years, arriving and initiating migrations at similar dates, shifting from a first to a second wintering range during the winter (Chevallier et al. 2010).

Conectividad por mes por región para Águila calzada

Recoveries of South-West birds in Sahelian Africa range from December to April, while there are recoveries in Iberia all along the year, attesting the residency or short-distance movements of some individuals. But long-distance movements are not the majority because their detectability if far lower. There are two unusual recoveries in Africa in July. There is no preferential months for recoveries of Spanish just across the Straits of Gibraltar, so the potential migration timing there is hidden by short-distance dispersal along the year.