Contrôles par Condition for Huîtrier pie

Few encounters before 1950, then steady increase with peak 1984-1987 due to massive ringing in Dutch SW Delta. Then stable around 1500 annually.  Most birds ringed in June when young reach ringing age. Almost two-thirds of encounters are ring recoveries or ring readings. Few birds are shot, vast majority of which in France. Ringing recoveries most numerous in UK, ring readings in the Netherlands.

Annual Movements for Huîtrier pie

In January, all birds concentrated along shores of UK, Netherlands, Belgium and France. Southernmost wintering sites already vacated by end February, first birds appear on Norwegian coast and in Iceland mid-March. Eastern European inland sites -passage, breeding or both?- reached end April, when also birds in Baltic return. By end May northern and easternmost breeding sites in N Norway, White Sea and other Russian sites are reached. High densities of encounters in June in all coastal and inland breeding sites when most young birds are ringed. Already in July, first birds re-appear on French coasts, increasing in August when also birds appear in Iberia. Few re-encounters along African coast all in Sept-Dec.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Huîtrier pie

UK winterers reach Iceland in April, N. Norway May. First N. Norway birds already return to UK in July, most have left Norway by September. Birds in winter on French coasts connect to breeding sites in N. Norway and White Sea in June/July, and to breeding sites closer by in low countries in April. Birds wintering in estuaries in SW Netherlands mainly connect to breeding sites elsewhere in the Netherlands, both inland and coastal, mainly in April/May. Birds ringed later during breeding in June/July more often connect to wintering sites in France. Birds in non-breeding season in Italy connect to Russia in April-June, and Baltic coast in August-Sept. Birds in Sept-March on coasts of Iberia mainly connect to breeding sites in Scotland, Netherlands, S. Norway and S. Sweden in June.

Contrôles par Condition for Bouvreuil pivoine

Overall, most recoveries obtained through ringing (82%). Before 1960, a remarkable proportion of recovery data (43%) were due to recoveries of birds found dead, sick or wounded, with also a small (10%) proportion of dead recoveries by shot. The proportion of dead recoveries has decreased greatly with time, so that from 1991 to present these comprise less than 5%.

Annual Movements for Bouvreuil pivoine

Movements to S normally from Oct to Nov. Within-winter displacements also possible, normally caused by food shortage and bad weather such as heavy snow falls, which can give rise to scape movements (Meller et al. 2016). Return to breeding quarters in Mar-Apr. (Clement 2010).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bouvreuil pivoine

Distances travelled tend to increase with increasing breeding latitude or longitude. Thus, bullfinches from S, W and NW Europe mostly resident, with most recoveries being short-range local dispersal. Birds from N and E Europe can reach wintering areas over a broad range from W/SW Europe to E/SE Europe, with these recoveries being obtained mostly from Oct to Mar.

Contrôles par Condition for Merle noir

Until 1960 80% of the recoveries were dead birds, including 12% shot birds. From 1961 to 1990 59% concerned dead birds, including 4,3% shot birds. From 1991 5,5% concerned dead birds, no birds shot.
The hunting hotspots were in S France, N and C Italy, N Spain and the W Mediterranean Isles. Also a lot of shot birds in C France, Portugal, S and E Spain, Belgium and S Norway. Less hunting on the British Isles, S Sweden, S Finland and Greece.

Annual Movements for Merle noir

Year-round there are hotspots in the UK, the S coast of Norway and Finland, Denmark, the Low Countries and N Italy. From Nov - Jan there densities of wintering birds are high in Ireland, W and S France. Wintering birds are also found in C Europe, C France, Spain, the W Mediterranean Isles, C and S Italy and few in N Africa and SE Europe. Already in Feb numbers in Spain and France decrease again. In Mar - Apr a hotspot grows in C Europe and numbers in S Fennoscandia and E Europe increase, numbers in Ireland, France and S Italy decrease. In Sep numbers in Spain and France increase while numbers in C Fennoscandia decrease. In Oct – Nov, hotspots in Ireland and W and S France are built up, few birds remain in C Fennoscandia and E Europe. Blackbirds have increasingly become resident (van Vliet et al. 2009), especially in urban areas (Møller et al. 2014).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Merle noir

Fennoscandian and Danish breeders are mostly found in the UK and the Low Countries in Oct - Apr; also in France and Ireland and few in Spain, Italy, C Europe, Greece, N Africa and Iceland. UK breeders are most found in Ireland (Oct - Feb), also W Europe (Oct - Mar), S Scandinavia (Oct - Apr). Breeders of the Low Countries are most found in France and the UK in Oct - Mar, also Spain and Portugal in Oct - Apr and few in S Scandinavia in Oct - Dec and Ireland (Nov). Breeders of C and E Europe are found mostly in SW and S France, Italy and W Mediterranean Isles from Oct through Mar; also in S and C UK, the Low Countries and few in Greece and N Africa. From E Europe more recoveries in Greece (Feb - Mar) and one in Turkey (Nov) and Syria (Dec).

Contrôles par Condition for Mésange boréale

Overall, 93% of recoveries associated to ringing. Before 1960, however, ca. 20% of recoveries were due to birds found dead, sick or wounded; from 1991 to present, this proportion is less than 1%. During the 1961-1990 time period, recoveries of birds recaptured alive already reached 94%, a proportion maintained from 1991 to present.

Annual Movements for Mésange boréale

Higher number of recoveries in Sep-Oct, mostly juvenile individuals during post-fledging dispersal, that join non-kin wintering flocks (Hogstad & Slagsvold 2018). Otherwise shorter distance movements almost all year long, no specific yearly pattern as species is mostly resident.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Mésange boréale

See ‘Annual movements’.

Contrôles par Condition for Bruant des roseaux

Overall, most (>95%) recoveries due to birds captured alive, usually in ringing campaigns. By periods, however, a remarkable fraction of recoveries before 1960 were due to birds found dead by shot (ca. 10%) or other than shot, sick or wounded (15%). This pattern clearly changed during the period 1961-1990, and from 1990 to present the number of birds found dead is absolutely marginal. 

Annual Movements for Bruant des roseaux

Migration in autumn starts in Sep, patent in Oct-Nov. Arrival to winter grounds from Oct to Nov, where the birds remain up to Feb-Mar. Spring migration in Mar-Apr. Arrival to breeding grounds by Apr-May. Differential migration by sex, hence males overwinter in further N regions as compared to females (Prys-Jones 1984, Arizaga et al. 2011). Moreover, males found to be predominant at sites close to presumably obligate migratory pathways, which would allow them to arrive faster to breeding sites as soon as weather conditions improve in spring (Arizaga et al. 2015).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bruant des roseaux

Migratory populations from C Europe and the Atlantic façade up to N Europe show patent movements in Oct, when they start to reach their winter quarters in W/SW Europe. They remain there until Feb/Mar. Arrival to N breeding quarters in Scandinavia in late Apr/May. Populations from E Europe, up to the circum-Baltic area, also move mainly in Oct, to reach SC Europe, where they remain up to Feb (patent northward migration in Mar). Few data for the Scandinavian birds that move S to the Balkan peninsula and the area surrounding the Black Sea. Recoveries in these southern sites mainly in Feb.

Contrôles par Condition for Phragmite des joncs

Most recoveries (98%) are of birds recaptured alive. Recoveries in Africa increased as a result of several intensive ringing campaigns from the 1970s onwards. Recoveries of dead birds were relatively frequent (23%) before 1961 but, as so many birds are now recaptured, they are extremely rare (0.5%).

Annual Movements for Phragmite des joncs

Departure from the breeding quarters starts in Jul, continuing to mid-Aug. Birds breeding further N leave earlier than populations to the S. Adults migrate through stopover sites before first-year birds. Birds arrive on the winter quarters in Africa by Oct and depart from Mar, with some leaving as late as May. Sedge Warblers reach the breeding grounds Apr-May (northern European populations arrive later than their southern counterparts).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Phragmite des joncs

Western populations migrate through Iberia Jul-Sep (peak in Aug); and across NW Africa Aug-Oct. Passage of eastern populations across SE Europe is mostly in Aug-Sep. Return passage across S Europe occurs mostly in Apr, with some in May. Eastern populations migrate through SE Europe (mostly the Balkan peninsula), while western populations mostly move across E Iberia/France, avoiding W Iberia, thus giving rise to loop migration.

Contrôles par Condition for Macareux moine

Protected species in most of Europe, currently hunted legally in Iceland and the Faeroes. Most encounters are obtained primarily during the breeding season, peaking in Jun-Jul (ca. 92% combined) – mainly after first year and adult birds. The bulk of encounters come from NW (93%) and N Europe (5%). Most of the encounters are obtained after 2000. The encounters based on dead birds decreased markedly over the years – from 86% pre-1960 (17% shot) to about 8% after 1991 (almost none shot). The share of recoveries based on alive birds largely increased – from ca. 9 to 91% respectively, the latter mostly due to ringing encounters.

Most shot birds come from S Norway and Newfoundland (mainly in the past) and the Faeroes. The species is vulnerable to oil spills, violent weather and seabird bycatch (Wernham et al. 2002, Anker-Nilssen et al. 2017, Bærum et al. 2019).

Annual Movements for Macareux moine

Post-breeding dispersal starts Jul-Aug, the birds migrate quickly to the wintering areas. Scandinavian population migrates towards Iceland (encounters from Feb, as well as some from Jul of summering birds), the Faeroes (mostly Nov-Feb), S Greenland (Nov-Dec), Newfoundland, the British Isles and W Europe (Aug-May).

Tracked birds from Ireland travelled rapidly W into the N Atlantic in Aug, most reaching the Newfoundland-Labrador shelf; by Oct, all birds moved back to the mid-Atlantic where they remained resident until return to the breeding colony (Jessopp et al. 2013). Tracked birds from NW Norway took NE routes at the end of the breeding season to the Barents Sea (Anker-Nilssen, Aarvak, 2009).

The species undergoes a flightless wing-moulting period during winter (Lowther et al. 2020).

Breeding sites are reached back from late Feb (S) to Apr or even May (N).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Macareux moine

Tracking studies revealed a dispersive pattern of movements changing through the non-breeding period (Guilford et al. 2011). Birds breeding in Iceland are found in Newfoundland mostly Oct-Nov, and in UK – mainly Aug. Most winter encounters of the British Isles breeders along SW & W Europe are from Dec-Feb, the earliest being from Aug-Sep. Birds breeding in E Scotland moult locally off the coast (Glew et al. 2018) and overwinter mainly in the NW North Sea (Harris et al. 2010).

Birds breeding in NW Greenland migrate generally S, the males used a form of chain migration (overwintering off SW & S Greenland coasts) while females appeared to largely use leap-frog migration traveling much farther (Burnham et al. 2021).

The species was found to be most abundant from mid-autumn to early spring in a recently identified major hotspot for millions of seabirds in the N Atlantic (Davies et al. 2021).

Contrôles par Condition for Gobemouche noir

Overall, most (ca. 90%) recoveries due to birds captured alive, usually in ringing campaigns (68%). By periods, however, a remarkable fraction of recoveries before 1960 were due to birds found dead (ca. 30%). This pattern clearly changed from 1991 to present, when this proportion comprises just ca. 5% of recoveries, with the rest being due to birds recaptured alive, normally due to ringing.

Annual Movements for Gobemouche noir

First post-breeding movements in Jul, with prolonged migration across Europe up to Oct. Peak of migration in S half of Europe in Aug-Sep (migrants from N Europe pass later than those from W Europe, Ouwehand et al. 2016). Migrants can establish temporal territories at stopovers (Bibby & Green 1980). Important fuelling in S Europe, probably also in NW Africa, before crossing the Sahara (e.g., Hilgerloh & Wiltschko 2000). Most recoveries in winter quarters in Africa from Oct to Mar. Spring passage through Europe peaks in Apr. Arrival to N breeding quarters in Scandinavia mostly in May. Recoveries in winter in Europe progressively more frequent (e.g., Morganti & Pulido 2012). Males arrive earlier than females to breeding quarters in spring (Harnos et al. 2015).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Gobemouche noir

Overall, very W-biased routes in autumn, more E-biased in spring, thus giving rise to loop migration across Europe (Bairlein 2001). Birds from NW/W Europe show many recoveries in autumn in W Iberia, mostly along Portuguese coast (Aug-Oct); return in spring (Apr-May) more through central Iberia, up to Italy. Birds from C Europe pass over W Iberia mostly in Aug-Sep; return in spring mostly across E Iberia/W Mediterranean. Birds from N/E Europe show similar geographic pattern, but pass over W France mostly Aug-Sep, over W Iberia Sep-Oct; some birds from E Scandinavia pass over the Alps, mostly Aug-Sep, thus taking a more E flyway than conspecifics. Exceptional recoveries from N Europe in SE Europe/E Mediterranean (Sep-Oct) or E Africa (Dec).

Contrôles par Condition for Accenteur mouchet

There were few recoveries before the 1990s, with increasing numbers in the 21st century. Encounters occur year-round, with a slight peak (22%) in Sep-Oct (autumn migration). Encounters in May-Jun are largely of adults, while from mid-Jul to Nov they are mostly juveniles. Most recoveries are in NW Europe (61%), with many also in W, C, N & SC Europe (37% combined). Recoveries of birds found dead have decreased from 58% pre-1961 to 2% after 1990, while those based on live birds markedly increased from 40% pre-1961 to 98% after 1990, largely due to an increase in recaptures. Shooting accounted for few recoveries - mainly in the past (4% pre-1961) - primarily in the W & C Mediterranean region.

Annual Movements for Accenteur mouchet

Post-breeding dispersal and autumn migration in migratory populations start from Aug, with movements concentrated in Sep-Oct and progressively decreasing in Nov. Local breeders have mostly left the N European breeding grounds by the end of Nov. Wintering areas in NE Spain are occupied between mid-Sep and mid-Apr (Pons 2001). The very few encounters in N Africa come from Nov-Mar. Spring migration takes place from late Feb, but mostly in Mar-Apr. There are sedentary populations in the British Isles, W, SW and S Europe - the latter three regions receive most of the migrants originating from N, C and partly E Europe. Long-distance recoveries from SE Europe are almost lacking, this region possibly holds wintering birds primarily from N European Russia.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Accenteur mouchet

Migratory and resident strategies may both occur in any population (Csörgö et al. 2001, Bønløkke et al. 2006, Bairlein et al. 2014). Birds from the migratory populations start dispersing as early as late summer, with most autumn migration in early to mid-autumn. In N Ukraine the species migrates in autumn almost equally to W & SW, based on visual data (Khymyn 2020). In C Europe autumn migration lasts from mid-Aug to mid-Nov, progressing N to S at a rate of 50-60 km/day (Hudde & Vohwinkel 1997). The migrants from N, C and to some extent E Europe join the local resident populations in W & S Europe during winter. Wintering sites are occupied until early to mid-spring, when return migration begins. N European populations undertake the longest migrations on the continent. The Black Sea region mountain populations undertake mostly local altitudinal movements. 

Contrôles par Condition for Fauvette grisette

Overall, most (>95%) recoveries are of birds captured alive, usually recaptures by ringers. However, most recoveries before 1961 were of birds found dead (shot 15%, other dead, sick or wounded ~40%). This pattern clearly changed during 1961-1990, and from 1991 to present very few birds are found dead, with 97% of recoveries being of birds recaptured alive in ringing programs.

Annual Movements for Fauvette grisette

Autumn migration starts in Aug and is widespread across Europe in Aug-Sep, with fewer encounters in Europe in Oct. In S Europe/N Africa, birds gain enough fuel to cross the Sahara (Schaub & Jenni 2000). Encounters in the sub-Saharan belt are mostly from Nov-Apr (some even in May). Spring passage in Europe is cledar in Apr, continuing into May. Birds arrive on the Scandinavian breeding quarters in May, but arrive several weeks earlier in S Europe.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Fauvette grisette

W populations pass over W France in Aug and Iberia in Aug-Sep, with recoveries in W Africa mostly in Sep-Apr. Encounters suggest a loop migration, with a more W flyway in autumn, and more E (E Iberia, W Mediterranean) in spring, a relatively common phenomenon in other trans-Saharan migrants. Scandinavian birds concentrate in SE Europe/N Egyptian coast in Sep-Oct, but there are many more recoveries in C Mediterranean in spring, mostly Apr-May, which would also suggest loop migration, but opposite to what is seen for the W European populations.