Rob Robinson

Medium-sized thrush, feeds on a wide range of invertebrates; also fruit from late summer to winter. Nominate philomelos: N and E Europe to C Asia; clarkei: British Isles and W Europe; hebridensis: Outer Hebrides and Isle of Skye; nataliae: Sayan Mountains to Lake Baikal and N Iran. Can exist almost anywhere where trees or bushes accompany open grassland, patches of dead leaves under trees, supporting ample invertebrate food. Population is increasing and the status is Least Concern. Mostly resident but northern populations partially or entirely migratory; more birds move if weather severe.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendStable
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		47300000-77900000,59700000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Zorzal común

Fennoscandian and Danish birds move mainly NE - SW: most found in SW and S France, S and E Spain and Portugal; less in W Europe and NW Africa; few in the S UK and C Europe. Also N - S movement: found in Italy and Greece. Most UK birds move NNW - SSE, found in W France, Portugal, S Spain and few in NW Africa; also E - W movement, found in Ireland and the Low Countries. Birds from the Low Countries move mainly NE - SW: most found in SW France, also Portugal, W France, S UK and few in Morocco; also N - S movement, found in S France and N Algeria; few move NW - SE, found in Italy. Birds from C and E Europe move mainly NE - SW, most found in SW and S France, E Spain, Balearic Isles and N Algeria; also W Europe, Italy and UK; few move NNW - SSE, found in Corsica, Sardegna, Italy and Greece.

Recuperaciones por condición para Zorzal común

Until 1960, 83% of the recoveries were of dead birds, including 27% shot birds. The relative importance of dead in shot birds among the recoveries has gradually declined since then.
Most song thrushes are shot in SW and S France, N and C Italy, W Mediterranean Isles, S and E Spain, Portugal and Belgium; also a lot of shot birds in N and C France, S Italy, the Balkan and N Africa.

Movimientos anuales para Zorzal común

In Nov - Jan birds are concentrated in S and C UK, S Ireland, W and S Europe, W Mediterranean Isles, Iberian Peninsula and N Algeria; also Morocco, Cyprus, Balkan and few in C and E Europe. Hotspots in the Low Countries and S and C UK stay year-round. From Feb fewer birds in France, in Mar more birds in N UK, C Europe and S Scandinavia, fewer in N Africa and the Balkan. In Apr numbers in Denmark, Fennoscandia, C and E urope increase, numbers in N Africa and S Europe decrease. In May - Sep new hotspots in C Europe, Denmark and S Fennoscandia; also birds in S Europe, N Scandinavia and E Europe. In Oct new hotspots in W and S France, Switzerland and Italy; numbers in E spain, N Africa, the Balkan and around the Black Sea also increase; fewer birds in Fennoscandia, C and E Europe. Song thrushes advanced autumn migration in the Baltic (Redlisiak et al. 2018).

Conectividad por mes por región para Zorzal común

Fennoscandian and Danish birds mostly winter in SW and S France, S and E Spain and Balearic Isles from Sep - Apr; also UK, W Europe, N Africa and Italy in same period. UK birds are found in Ireland, SW UK and W France from Aug - Mar; also Portugal and Spain and few in the Low Countries and S Europe. Birds of the Low Countries are mostly found in W France; also S France, Spain, Portugal, S UK and few in C Europe, Italy, N Algeria and Morocco from Oct - Mar. Birds of C and E Europe are found mostly in SW and S France, E Spain and Balearic Isles; also many in Italy, Corsica, Sardegna, NW Africa, W Europe, few in the UK and one in Feb on Canary Islands (Las Palmas) from Sep - Mar. From E Europe, birds migrate to N Macedonia, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Israël and Georgia where found from Oct - Jan.

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
Michał, R., Remisiewicz, M., Nowakowski, J.K.2018 . Long-term changes in migration timing of Song Thrush Turdus philomelos at the southern Baltic coast in response to temperatures on route and at breeding grounds. International Journal of Biometeorology 62 Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1559-6) : 1595–1605

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Sergey Dereliev

The commonest goose specie, distributed from temperate to northern latitudes across the Palaearctic. In Europe, breeds in Iceland, western and central Europe, up to Scandinavia (nominate subspecies with orange bill), with subspecies rubrirostris (with pinkish bill) from Romania and Russia eastwards. Winters across most of western, central and eastern Europe, from Scotland to Spain, and east to Iran (and further east to China).

Season of assessment

W

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		797000-975000,866000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Ánsar común

The species is present across the breeding range at mid latitudes along the year, including Andalucía, but moves away from northernmost breeding locations, leaving Iceland and Scandinavia to winter at more southern latitudes across Europe, from Scotland, Denmark, to Spain and Greece. Most encounters obtained in Central (>100.000) and West (nearly 50.000) Europe, with a large increase of recoveries since the 2000s and the development of colour marking. The large Dutch breeding populations are mainly sedentary, with former southwards movements to Spain having become only occasional in the 2000s (Voslamber et al. 2010). Birds wintering along the Mediterranean coasts originate from Central Europe, not Nordic countries (Guillemain et al. 2019; Bacon et al. 2019). No age specific migration strategies, as expected from species undergoing fall familial migration. Feral populations do breed across the range and can locally complicate the definite understanding of the migration strategy of wild populations.

Recuperaciones por condición para Ánsar común

The very large part of the recoveries are live re-encounters (>90%) as field observations of colour neck and leg rings. As the species is a game bird in many countries, most pre-1960 recoveries are dead or shot records, with less than 10% of alive controls, with a classical switch to a vast majority (>90%) of live recoveries after 1990, thanks to a large effort in colour marking.

Movimientos anuales para Ánsar común

Populations breeding in the British Isles do not leave this region in winter, and are then joint by Icelandic birds. Birds from North Europe (Scandinavia and Finland) move towards the southwest, to winter from Denmark to Spain, with two hotspots in the Netherlands and Andalucia, and staging areas along the flyway (Anderson et al. 2001).  Birds from Central Europe move southwards, e.g. from northern to southern Germany. Tracking data of geese from Neusiedler See revealed movements to the SW to Venetia and Sardinia in Italy, and to the North far up the Elbe river in Germany (Grabenhofer et al. 2022). There are numerous tracking programs on movebank which data should be analysed simultaneously to better appreciate the sedentarity/migratory behaviour of various populations, including feral ones.

Conectividad por mes por región para Ánsar común

Nordic birds start to move south as early as August, though main movements occur in October, with birds reaching southern Spain in November. In spring, first northwards movements by the beginning of February, peaking in March when late birds are still in Spain. Arrival on Nordic breeding grounds mainly in April (Nilsson 2017; Nilsson and Kampe-Persson 2018). The last birds of Central Europe have joined the breeding quarters by the end of April, and start to move southwards by mid-September. In Norway, climate change is advancing spring migration by almost a week per decade since the 1970s (Pistorius et al. 2006).

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
Anderson Å, Follestad A, Nilsson L, Persson H2001 . Migration patterns of Nordic Greylag Geese Anser anser. Ornis Svecica 11: 19–58
Bacon, L. et al.2019 . Spatio–temporal distribution of greylag goose Anser anser resightings on the north-west/south-west European flyway: guidance for the delineation of transboundary management units. Wildlife Biology 2019: 1–10
Grabenhofer, H., et al.2022 . Unpublished Data. Movebank article no.: ID 505156776
Guillemain M, Bacon L, Kardynal KJ et a2019 . Geographic origin of migratory birds based on stable isotope analysis: the case of the greylag goose (Anser anser) wintering in Camargue, southern France. European Journal of Wildlife Research 65 article no.: 67 Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-019-1304-4)
Nilsson L, Kampe-Persson H2018 . Changes in migration and wintering patterns of greylag geese Anser anser from southernmost Sweden during three decades. Ornis Svecica 28: 19–38
Nilsson, L.2017 . Migration of greylag geese Anser anser according to recoveries of birds marked with traditional leg-rings in Sweden. Ornis Svecica 27: 132–138
Pistorius PA, Follestad A, Taylor FE2006 . Temporal changes in spring migration phenology in the Norwegian Greylag Goose Anser anser, 1971–2004. Wildfowl 56: 23–36
Voslamber B, Knecht E, Kleijn D2010 . Dutch Greylag Geese Anser anser: migrants or residents?. Ornis Svecica 20: 207–214

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Callum Macgregor

Breeds mainly in coniferous woodland habitats from Eurasia (BirdLife International 2021). In Europe, absent in too dry and too cold regions. Mainly resident except some N populations that move S in winter; occasionally irruptive.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendStable
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		31500000-55700000,40600000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Carbonero garrapinos

Most recoveries caused by short-range movements (<500 km) reflecting dispersal. Movements from W/C Europe mainly random. In N/E Europe, longer-distance movement patterns show a main NE-SW axis, which show migration from NE Europe/Russia to C Europe, reaching W Europe, with many recoveries in the Low Countries. However, sometimes also movements to N (some birds move N from inland Russia to the Arctic sea shores; Gosler & Clement 2007). Birds ringed in Switzerland, many of them in passage through Col de Bretolet, come from C Europe, overwinter from S France to Italy. Practically no recoveries from UK outside the island. Two exceptional recoveries in Mauritania and Burkina Faso.  

Recuperaciones por condición para Carbonero garrapinos

Overall, 96% of recoveries due to birds recaptured alive by ringing. Before 1960, however, almost 25% of recoveries were associated to birds found dead, sick or wounded. From 1960, however, already ca. 90% of recoveries were due to birds seen alive, many recaptures from ringing. Nowadays, the proportion of individuals found dead, sick or wounded is absolutely marginal (ca. 1%).  

Movimientos anuales para Carbonero garrapinos

mostly resident. Juvenile birds move more than adult ones (Gosler & Clement 2007). When moving, breeding ranges left from Aug to Nov; return back to these from Apr to May.

Conectividad por mes por región para Carbonero garrapinos

See ‘Annual movements’.

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
BirdLife International 2021 . Species factsheet: Periparus ater.
Gosler, A. G., Clement, P.2007 . Family Paridae (Tits and Chicakdees). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol 12. Lynx, BarcelonaEditor(s): Del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A., Christie, D. A.

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Sergey Dereliev

A large Rallidae with slaty black plumage and white bill with a frontal plate. Largely distributed across North Africa and Europe, except highest latitudes, and cross Asia and Australia. Migratory in East and North Europe, resident in the rest of Europe.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		2030000-3360000,2590000
Red List categoryNT
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Focha común

The movements are clearly orientated from the NE to the SW, except in the British Isles where movements occur in all directions, so correspond to non-orientated dispersal. Birds from East Europe disperse mostly to the South, including birds from the Black and Caspian Seas. Extralimital recoveries of southern Russian birds from Iran and Sudan. The distribution of recovery distances confirms a short-distance dispersion for the coot, with most recoveries obtained within 500 kilometres from the ringing site.

Recuperaciones por condición para Focha común

Most dead recoveries come from the period 1960-1990, but the large majority are live recoveries, obtained after 2000.

Movimientos anuales para Focha común

The movements back to the breeding grounds occur in March and are finished by early April for the North, by mid-April for the East, while birds from other regions gently shift to the NE at the end of March / beginning of April.   In autumn, the first movements are noted at the end of August, and intensify from mid-September onwards, with more arrivals to South-West Europe.

Conectividad por mes por región para Focha común

Connectivity by month is best illustrated with birds from the North and East regions. The are all back in the breeding region in very early April, with returns on distant wintering sites mainly from the first decade of October onwards. For birds of Central Europe, the shift to SW Europe and Mediterranean wintering grounds is obvious in March and September. Only birds from South-West Europe have been recovered in North Africa, in all months.

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)

Michele Mendi

Finch breeding mostly in Europe, also in N Africa up to some areas from the Middle East up to the W border of the Himalayas. Strategies vary from resident to partial migrant or migratory (BirdLife International 2021).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		41500000-64400000,50800000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Verderón común

European populations show a main NE-SW axis of migration, with also parallel migration patterns. W/S European resident, they show short-range movements which show local dispersal, rather than true migrations. Birds from NW Europe (UK) move mainly within the island. Birds from N Europe (mainly from Scandinavia) move SW to reach a broad wintering range from NW Europe to Iberia, a few even pass over Gibraltar to NW Africa. Birds breeding in further E regions (E Baltic, E Europe) follow an E-ward biased flyway, reaching from C Europe to E Spain and Italy. Birds from SE Europe show a SE axis of migration, up to to S Greece and the E circum-Mediterranean area.

Recuperaciones por condición para Verderón común

Highest majority of recoveries (ca. 80%) due to birds found alive, mostly recaptures (ring recoveries). Before 1990, however, around a half of recoveries were caused by birds found dead, sick or wounded, a pattern that clearly changed from 1991 to present, when this fraction is just less than 10%. Nowadays, more than 90% of recoveries come from birds seen alive, mostly recaptures from ringing.

Movimientos anuales para Verderón común

Migration in autumn patent in Oct. Migratory populations/individuals live in sympatry with resident ones in winter. Return back to breeding quarters starts in Mar, peaking in Apr. Warmer winters probably promote increasing sedentarism in populations (e.g., Stervander et al. 2005).

Conectividad por mes por región para Verderón común

Across the Atlantic façade, N European populations show recoveries from S Scandinavia to Iberia mostly in winter, from Oct-Nov to Feb-Mar. Similar patterns for the populations from C/E Europe, though in this case recoveries from C Europe concentrate mainly in S France up to the S part of the Alps and recoveries from E Europe concentrate mostly in Italy and the W coasts of the Balkan peninsula. Recoveries in NW Africa mainly from Feb to Mar, of birds from W/SW Europe, that could however being part of flocks on passage with a further N European origin.

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
BirdLife International 2021 . Species factsheet: Chloris chloris.
Stervander, M., Lindström, Å., Jonzén, N., Andersson, A.2005 . Timing of spring migration in birds: long-term trends, North Atlantic Oscillation and the significance of different migration routes. Journal of Avian Biology 36: 210–221

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Vincent van der Spek

The species occupies various types of freshwater and marine habitats, breeding on tall trees or sea cliffs – large rivers and large marshes, lakes and reservoirs, coasts, rocky islands. Its breeding range extends across the Palearctic, from Greenland, Iceland and Scotland to Kamchatka and Japan (Orta et al. 2020).

Patchily distributed in Europe, clustering occurring in N Europe/ Baltic Sea region, C Europe, E Balkan Peninsula; absent in most of SW, W and SC Europe (Keller et al. 2020).

Mostly resident species, N & NE European populations are migratory.

Its population trend in Europe is increasing. Evaluated as “Least Concern” (BirdLife International 2022).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		20900-29200,24500
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Pigargo europeo

The species is primarily resident throughout most of Europe – Iceland, coastal Fennoscandia, the Baltic Sea region, C & SE Europe, S European Russia. Most populations from N & NE Europe are migratory (Orta et al. 2020).

Birds breeding in SW Greenland are resident, short-distance dispersal has been found in mostly juvenile birds (Lyngs 2003).

Birds breeding in N Finland & NW Russia migrate mostly SW to the Baltic Sea region. Some birds continue further S to N Italy and Romania (Noskov et al. 2016), or Hungary. Baltic population has generated huge number of encounters of local birds.

C European breeders undertake mostly within-region movements, some birds fly SW as far as SW France, others migrate SE to the Black Sea.

The number of distant encounters available from SE, E (European Russia) and NW Europe is very limited or such are lacking.

Recuperaciones por condición para Pigargo europeo

Most encounters are obtained after 1992. They come from throughout the year, mostly from Nov to Mar (74%); smallest number of birds are encountered Jul-Sep (2.5% combined). N Europe holds the bulk of encounters (86%), followed by C (11%) & E Europe (3%). The encounters based on dead birds decreased considerably over time – from 87% pre-1960 to 4% after 1991, while those based on alive birds – markedly increased from practically none pre-1960 to 95% after 1991; the latter is largely due to ringing recoveries and colour ring resightings. Shooting was responsible for a big part of all cases mainly in the past (61% pre-1960); its importance got progressively reduced in subsequent years.

Most of the distant (>=50 km) recoveries are less than 500km away, some from N & E Europe – more than 2000km.

Movimientos anuales para Pigargo europeo

Post-breeding dispersal in C and SE European juveniles starts from Jul to mid-Nov. Overall area used during the first year of life varies largely between individuals (Cheshmedzhiev et al. 2001, Rymešová et al. 2021).

Birds breeding in N & NE Europe leave their breeding grounds Oct-Nov, juveniles usually preceding adults. Large numbers stay in winter in Finland, at least during the winter artificial feeding years (Saurola et al. 2013). Finnish birds are encountered during winter as far as Germany and Croatia in Dec-Mar. Northernmost breeding sites are occupied back in Feb-Apr.

The E Baltic countries population is generally resident, but juveniles disperse mainly SW, reaching C Europe as early as Sep; they winter from France to S European Russia mainly Oct-Mar, some remaining until Apr. C European juveniles and immatures disperse to W & Europe from Sep to Apr.

Conectividad por mes por región para Pigargo europeo

Juvenile birds are known to be more dispersive and gregarious than adults (Orta et al. 2020). Natal dispersal distances are significantly shorter in males (Whitfield et al. 2009).

N & NE European breeders migrate SW mostly mid- to late autumn, returning from late winter to mid-spring.

C European and Baltic region populations are generally sedentary but juvenile and immature birds disperse mostly SW (but also S & SE) from their breeding grounds from early autumn to mid-spring spreading between Germany and France to Italy and S Ukraine and European Russia.

A juvenile marked in Israel was encountered as an immature during the following summer on the Turkish Black Sea Coast.

Spatial distribution of the resightings of colour marked birds in N Europe biased due to observers’ effort.

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
2020 . European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. European Bird Census Council & Lynx Edicions, BarcelonaEditor(s): Keller, V., S. Herrando, P. Voříšek, et al.
BirdLife International 2022 . Species factsheet: Haliaeetus albicilla. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 31/01/2022
Cheshmedzhiev, S., Arkumarev, V., Todorov, E. 2021 . data from Movebank study 'Tracking of White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Bulgaria' (ID 943648605) in www.movebank.org“.
Lyngs, P. 2003 . Migration and winter ranges of birds in Greenland. An analysis of ringing recoveries. Danish Ornithological Society/BirdLife Denmark, Copenhagen
Noskov, G. A., Rymkevich, T. A., Gaginskaya, A. R. 2016 . Migration of Birds on Northwest Russia. Non-Passerines. ANO LA “Professional”, Saint Petersburg
Orta, J., G. M. Kirwan, D. A. Christie, P. F. D. Boesman, and J. S. Marks 2020 . White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), version 1.0. In Birds of the World Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whteag.01 ) Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA
Rymešová, D., Raab, R., Machálková, V., Horal, D., Dorňáková, D., Rozsypalová, L., Spakovszky, P., Literák, I. 2021 . First-year dispersal in white-tailed eagles Haliaeetus albicilla. Eur J Wildl Res 67
Saurola, P. Valkama, J., Velmala, W. 2013 . The Finnish Bird Ringing Atlas Vol. I. Finnish Museum of Natural History and Ministry of Environment, Helsinki
Whitfield, D.P., Douse, A., Evans, R.J., Grant, J., Love, J., McLeod, D.R.A., Reid, R., Wilson, J.D. 2009 . Natal and breeding dispersal in a reintroduced population of White‐tailed Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla. Bird Study 56: 177–186

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Aron Tanti

Small martin with wide breeding range encompassing the entire Palearctic except northernmost parts of Eurasia. Also breeds N America. Aerial forager feeding on insects flying at moderate height. Widely distributed in Africa during winter with high variety of migration routes and pre-migration areas in the Carpathian Bend and Balkan (Szép et al. 2017). Numbers have varied greatly due to drought events at their wintering sites on the African continent (Szép 1995). Breeding colonies in riverbanks, quarries and coastal cliffs. European population 3,640,000-8,000,000 breeding pairs, trend unknown.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		13400000-19800000,15900000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Avión zapador

Overall movement patterns show very high diversity in terms of distances and orientation, but some connectivity exists. Birds from NW, W Europe nearly all winter in W Africa (Senegal), birds from C and N Europe show some of the longest movements, mainly with a S orientation wintering in C Africa. Birds from E and SE Europe connect to M East and E Africa. Birds from W, NW and C Europe often travel short distances remaining in the same country besides their long-distance migration routes to Africa with S orientation, indicating exchange between breeding populations. All populations have routes connecting them to the Mediterranean, probably due to their staging sites in this region before crossing the Mediterranean Sea.

Recuperaciones por condición para Avión zapador

Ringed sand martins have been present since the 50s, with a growing number in the 80s and reaching 10000 encounters over the last five years. The vast majority of encounters, 95% is a result of bird ringing projects between Apr and Sep. The highest number of encounters is reported from NW Europe with the most individuals encountered in July. SC, SE and E Europe have significantly fewer ringing effort than the rest of Europe. Despite the quantity of ringed birds in Europe, only a few are being recovered in African countries. There is overall a high proportion of birds observed alive. The recoveries through dead birds come from the African continent, France and Spain. Shot birds are rare.

Movimientos anuales para Avión zapador

From Nov to Feb most European regions have only sporadic encounters. Many birds are reported to migrate to Sub-Saharan Africa and overwinter there in these months. From Mar, first encounters appear in the Mediterranean, birds from SW and SC Europe en route to the breeding destinations. In Apr many encounters are still concentrated in N Africa, while some birds have already reached the Mediterranean region on the way to W and C Europe. By May, birds of all regions have more or less approached their breeding destination. Peak in encounters is in Jun-Jul at the breeding sites, with localized movements. Highest number of encounters observed in the UK, W Europe and Baltic. First birds beginning autumn migration are seen already in Aug from which many reaches their wintering site in Sep.

Conectividad por mes por región para Avión zapador

Ringing is concentrated in summer between Jun-Aug. Sand Martins breeding in N Europe are mostly encountered in Africa in Dec. Birds from NW and W have many encounters in the Mediterranean in Aug-Oct and Mar-Apr, and Dec-Mar in W Africa. SW and W European breeders, specifically from W coast of France are encountered in the UK in summer, indicating connectivity between these populations. SC breeders are not connected to UK or N/W Europe in summer, but were encountered in S Europe at migration sites. Birds in Jun-Jul in C Europe are often re-encountered within the region during breeding at short distance, indicating local dispersal. In Sep-Nov all populations move to S Europe. Birds from E/SE Europe in Jun-Jul are often encountered in the Mediterranean in spring.

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
Szep, T.1995 . Relationship between west African rainfall and the survival of central European Sand Martins Riparia riparia. IBIS 137: 162–168
Szép, T., Liechti, F., Nagy, K., Nagy, Z., & Hahn, S. 2017 . Discovering the migration and non‐breeding areas of sand martins and house martins breeding in the Pannonian basin (central‐eastern Europe). Journal of Avian Biology 48: 114–122

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Michele Mendi

Small warbler, feeds chiefly on insects, especially beetles (Coleoptera); also spiders (Araneae). Nominate troglodytes: continental Europe and Asia Minor; kabylorum: Balearic Islands, S Spain and NW Africa (Morocco to Tunisia); koenigi: Corsica and Sardinia; cypriotes: Crete, Rhodes, Cyprus and Near East. Suitable habitat offered by wide variety of low cover and foraging opportunities. The population is increasing and the status is Least Concern. Migratory (northern populations), partially migratory, and resident.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		66500000-113000000,80200000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Chochín paleártico

Scandinavian birds mainly move N - S, most found in Denmark, S Sweden, W and C Europe, few in Spain and the UK and one in Menorca. Finnish birds move NE – SW, reported in S Sweden and C Europe. Birds from the UK mainly move NNW - SSE within the UK, few recoveries in NW and S France and one in Ireland. Birds in the Low Countries move NW - SE and NE - SW, mostly inside the countries but also many recoveries from France, a few the UK and one from Spain and Morocco. From C and E Europe birds move mainly NE - SW, found in W Europe, Switzerland, Italy and SE Europe; few recoveries from the S UK, Spain and N Algeria. Birds in SW and S Europe mainly move N - S on short distance.

Recuperaciones por condición para Chochín paleártico

Until 1960 65% of the recoveries were dead birds: 3% were shot and 1% intentionally taken. From 1961 to 1990 13% concerned dead birds: no shot or intentionally taken birds. From 1991, almost all recoveries concerned alive birds.
The few birds shot were mostly in N Italy (6) and SW France (3). Dead birds were reported in all W and C Europe but most came from the S UK and Denmark.

Movimientos anuales para Chochín paleártico

In Nov - Mar hotspots in S and C UK, the Low Countries and N Italy. Also birds in Spain, C Europe, S coast of Norway and Ireland. Few birds in C Scandinavia, SE Europe and France. The hotspots in S and C UK and the Low countries stay year around. Also numbers in Spain, Ireland and C Europe do not fluctuate much during the year. In Apr - May the hotspot in N Italy disappears, few birds in France, no birds left in SE Europe. Numbers in C Scandinavia and S Finland increase. In Jun - Jul few birds left in Italy. In Aug - Sep numbers in Italy increase. In Oct the hotspot in N Italy is building up and numbers in France and SE Europe increase. Numbers in C Scandinavia and Finland decrease.

Conectividad por mes por región para Chochín paleártico

Scandinavian breeders are reported from S Scandinavia (Sep - Apr), the Low Countries, France and C Europe (Oct - Apr) and Spain (Dec - Feb). Finnish birds are reported from S Sweden (Sep, Oct and Apr), Lithuania (Sep), Poland (Oct - Feb) and Czechia (Oct, Mar). UK breeders are found in France (Jan - Mar) and Ireland (Nov). Breeders of the Low Countries are found in France (Oct - Apr), the UK (Oct - Feb), Poland (Oct), Spain and Morocco (Nov). Breeders in C Europe are found in France (Oct - Apr), N Italy (Oct - Feb), the Low Countries (Oct - Dec), Algeria (Mar) and the UK (Nov). Birds from E Europe were reported from W Europe (Oct - Feb), Italy (Nov - Mar), C Europe (Sep -Jan), S Sweden (Oct), Croatia (Jan - Feb) and the UK (Feb).

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)

Sergey Dereliev

The former L. argentatus is splitted today into three species: Herring Gull L. argentatus, Yellow-legged Gull L. michahellis, Caspian Gull L. cachinnans. Unfortunately, ancient recoveries of 'Herring Gull' could refer to movements of current L. michahellis or L. cachinnans. Current Herring Gull is an abundant large gull with very large distribution range in W and N Europe (BirdLife International 2021). Populations vary from resident to partial migratory or migratory (Olsen & Larsson 2004). Two subspecies in Europe (argentatus in N Europe; argenteus in W Europe, with large zone of intergrades from W Europe to Denmark (Olsen & Larsson 2004).

Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Gaviota argéntea europea

N and E European populations move longer distances, while those from W Europe remain sedentary or perform short-range local movements or migrate (as also reported by tracking data). N and E European population migrates mostly SW/W, up to southern coasts of the Baltic and the Wadden seas, also inland in C Europe (rarely arrive to W Europe). C European birds move more randomly: movements to S Baltic, Wadden sea, but also to W Europe (up to NW Iberia) and SC Europe (Italy and the surrounding seas). NW/W populations move along the coast of W Europe, from the Wadden sea are to W Iberia, also a lot of within-UK movements for the birds breeding there. Arrival to Africa exceptional: a bird ringed in The Netherlands encountered in Morocco. Immatures most dispersive (Olsen & Larsson 2004).

Recuperaciones por condición para Gaviota argéntea europea

Most recoveries due to birds seen alive (86%), either with metal ring (17%), or with leg ring(s) or other marks (65%). This proportion of recoveries of birds seen alive was very low in former times (6% before 1960; 15% during the period 1961-1990). The greatest proportion of recoveries before 1960 was due to dead individuals by sickness/wounded or other and 33% of dead by shooting.

Movimientos anuales para Gaviota argéntea europea

First movements after breeding found in Aug, especially in C/W Europe. Migration of N and E European populations peak in Sep/Nov. Within-winter movements also possible, especially under harsh conditions such as a cold spells or strong storms. Return to breeding quarters very soon in W/C populations (adults settled even in Jan). Arrival to breeding quarters for the N European population in Mar/Apr.

Conectividad por mes por región para Gaviota argéntea europea

N and E populations leave breeding sites by Aug. Migration peak in Sept/Oct towards N and W Europe, English Channel. Spring migrations of these northern birds back to breeding sites in Mar/Apr. Other European populations sedentary or short-distance dispersive (Olsen & Larsson 2004). First-year movements of the C and W populations from Aug onwards. Arrival to winter quarters seems to be rapid, since these birds normally move no more than some hundreds of kilometers. In Britain, abundance peaks in Dec-Feb (Olsen & Larsson 2004).

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
BirdLife International 2021 . Species factsheet: Larus argentatus.
Olsen, K. M., Larsson, H.2004 . Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America. Helm Identification Guides, London

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Michele Mendi

Graceful, white wading bird with peculiar spoon-shaped beak, used to probe along bottom, feeling for fish, amphibians, and other aquatic invertebrates. Colonial breeder with disjunct breeding range in Europe, with largest populations in the Netherlands, Hungary and Spain. More widespread from north of the Caucasus east to China. European population 10,200-15,200 breeding pairs, with most W. European populations increasing, some E. European populations decreasing. Migratory, but may only travel short distances, some southern populations resident, nomadic or partially migratory.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		23800-36300,29000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Espátula común

Very strong connectivity visible, with three main flyways from populations were regular ringing takes place: Birds from SW, W and N Europe move SW and connect to Iberia and (N)W Africa south to Senegal. C and SE European populations also move SW and connect to Tunisia and to lesser extent further south into Africa to Mali and Niger. Some move S or SE to Lybia, Egypt and Sudan. Birds from Stavropol Krai and the Republic of Kalmykia in SW Russia move ESE to Iran, Pakistan and India. Some links between the three flyways exist, with for example part of the west Turkish birds wintering in Pakistan, and few Hungarian birds wintering Mauritania.

Recuperaciones por condición para Espátula común

Staggering 98% of re-encounters are of birds identified by other means, mostly colour-ring readings that primarily occur in Hungary, The Netherlands, Spain and Mauritania. Ring recoveries make up just 0.5% and occur in or around a few colonies in The Netherlands, Denmark and Spain. Dead birds make up remainder, among which 0.23% are shot, mainly in southern Europe and Africa, and from before 1960. After 1990, reports of shot spoonbills are extremely rare.

Movimientos anuales para Espátula común

Variation in time and space is less well visible in the maps than in reality, because at many locations, always some individuals remain year-round. In Nov- Jan Most birds in W. Africa, Iberia, France, SW Netherlands, Tunisia and Italy. Increase in Netherlands already mid Feb, Denmark begin Mar, C and SE Europe mid Mar. Highest densities in Netherlands, Hungary and Serbia in Jun – Aug, then decrease. Few encounters Africa safe Mauritania and Tunisia in Jun-Jul. Scatter of encounters at inland sites throughout Europe end Sep and Oct. Increase in NW and W Africa from end Sep. Most encounters Canary Islands end Oct and Nov.

Conectividad por mes por región para Espátula común

Birds during breeding in W, SW and N Europe in May-Jun connect to Mauritania and Senegal in Oct-Feb. Increasing number of birds short-stop in Iberia recently in Sep-Feb, a strategy associated with higher survival (Lok et al. 2011). Few also winter France. Immatures can stay in wintering areas during first and second summer, but little mixing with resident subspecies balsaci in Mauretania (Piersma et al. 2012). Birds in C. Europe in May-Jun connect mainly to Tunisia in Oct-Feb, immatures also to other colonies in the region in Apr-Aug. SE European breeders May-Jun connect to Tunisia (from Serbia) in Nov-Jan, or to Egypt, Israel, Iraq and Pakistan (from Turkey) in Nov-Apr. Easternmost breeders in May-Jun connect to Pakistan, India in Oct-Mar. Dispersal in and between all populations of birds ringed May-Jun in post-breeding period Jul-Sep.

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
Lok, T,, Overdijk, O., Tinbergen, J.M., Piersma, T.2011 . The paradox of spoonbill migration: most birds travel to where survival rates are lowest. Animal Behaviour 82: 837–844
Piersma, T., Van der Velde, M., El-Hacen, H.M., Lok, T., Overdijk, O.2012 . Molecular verification of the subspecies status of the Mauritanian spoonbill Platalea leucorodia balsaci. Ardea 100: 131–136

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