Recuperaciones por condición para Cetia ruiseñor

From 1961 to 1990 only 3% of recoveries concerned dead birds, there were no birds shot. From 1991 virtually all recoveries concerned alive birds. The few dead birds were found in the UK, France, N Italy and C Spain.

Movimientos anuales para Cetia ruiseñor

During the whole year, birds are concentrated in the S UK, the Low Countries, W France, Italy and the Iberian Peninsula. In Nov - Feb birds seems to be a bit more concentrated along the coasts near their breeding areas. Apart from this, there are no clear movements visible.

Conectividad por mes por región para Cetia ruiseñor

Birds ringed in UK were always recovered inside the UK but there is no clear pattern by month. Some birds ringed Aug - Sep in NW France were recovered in the UK in Oct. Also in NW Europe there is no clear pattern. Several birds ringed in May - Jul were recovered along the North-Sea coast in Sep - Dec. In Italy birds ringed in Aug -Dec in C and S Italy were recovered in N Italy in Sep - Apr. On the Iberian Peninsula many birds encountered in C Iberia in Apr - Jul are found near the Atlantic or Mediterranean coast in Aug - Jan. Interesting is a bird ringed in May 2015 on Menorca that was recovered in C Spain in May 2016. A bird ringed in July 2002 in S Spain was recovered in NE France in March 2003, a long migration distance for this species.

Recuperaciones por condición para Mito común

Most encounters are obtained since the late 1990s. They are generally distributed evenly throughout the year, with a prominent peak in Oct (ca. 20% of all cases). The bulk of encounters are recorded in NW Europe (60%).

The encounters based on dead birds almost vanished over the years (from 40% pre-1960 to less than 1% after 1991), while those based on alive birds – markedly increased (from ca. 59% to 99% respectively); the latter is exclusively due to ringing encounters. Shooting was insignificant factor only in the past (ca. 1% before 1960).

Movimientos anuales para Mito común

N populations show prominent post-breeding dispersal and migratory movements. In general, autumn migration lasts from mid-Sep (NW Russia) (Bojarinova et al. 2016) or late Sep (Finland) (Saurola et al. 2013) to Nov. The encounters are most numerous in Oct – by then the dispersing birds have already reached C & W Europe (even Morocco as an extreme). The number of encounters decreases after Nov. During the mass invasion in 2010-11 birds from N populations are found in the Netherlands between mid-Oct and mid-Apr, the numbers being comparatively stable from late Oct to mid-Feb (van Bemmelen 2012).

Spring migration takes place as early as Feb, but it is most evident in Mar-Apr.

The species generally avoids water crossings.

On several occasions birds from the same flock have been controlled together, as the species is known to keep family bonds during migration (Chetverikova et al. 2017).

Conectividad por mes por región para Mito común

The resident populations generally do not show a consistent directional pattern of movement. Post-breeding dispersal movements are very limited, usually within few kilometers.

Dispersal and migratory movements are well expressed in the birds breeding in N Europe. They could start early autumn, peaking in mid-autumn and last until late autumn. Mid-autumn encounters from the wintering grounds around the Baltic Sea, in W & C Europe are most numerous. From late autumn onwards there is an apparent drop in the number of encounters.

Return movements are evident mostly in early to mid-spring.

An increase in the number of irruptions in N Europe has been recorded during the recent decades (Sokolov et al. 2008).

Ringing data from France and SE Europe rather limited.

Recuperaciones por condición para Reyezuelo sencillo

From 1973 to 1983 annual number of encounters increased from 1063 to 4344. Then numbers decreased to 928 in 1987. From 1989 to 2002 numbers fluctuated around 3000. After 2010 the annual numbers fluctuated between 2945 (in 2009) and 10610 (in 2015), with regular numbers above 6000. In spring most encounters are between 21 March and 21 April, in fall the peak lies between 28 September and 28 October.
Ringing recoveries make up over 90%, mainly in UK and low countries, dead recoveries few and spread over large part of range. Shot birds virtually absent after 1991, but made up over one third prior to 1960, although absolute number very low.

Movimientos anuales para Reyezuelo sencillo

In November - February breeders in Fennoscandia have left the northern breeding areas, winter areas are in S Fennoscandia, W and SW Europe and UK. In March birds have left S Europe. In April many encounters are in Denmark and along the northcoast of Germany and The Netherlands. Also the first birds returned to the northern breeding areas. In September many encounters are along the coasts of the North Sea (also UK) and Baltic Sea. In October many birds move further south in Europe. Most UK breeders stay in the UK, a minority winters from October - March along the westcoast of the european continent. Birds from West- and Central Europe are largely resident, a minority moves in September - October to South-Europe and from West-Europe to UK and return in March - May.

Conectividad por mes por región para Reyezuelo sencillo

Fennoscandia has most connections in October - April with UK (including Shetlands), (South)West- and Central Europe. Southernmost connections are in November - January with Spain, the Balearic Isles and N Algeria. There are also connections with SE Europe in Greece (September), Romania and Ukraine (October) and SW Russia (April). UK birds have most connections within the UK itself. There also connections with West-Europe from October to March, east to Czechia and Slovakia (October). Central Europe has most connections with South-Europe from October to March. There are also connections with UK in September - October. Southernmost connections for Central Europe are in October with the Balearic Isles, N Algeria and N Tunesia. West-Europe has a lot of connections with France in October - March and with UK in September - April. Southertnmost connection is in February with Morocco.

Recuperaciones por condición para Carricero común

Overall, most (>95%) recoveries due to birds captured alive, usually in ringing campaigns. Indeed, reed warblers are one the most captured passerines for ringing due to their very high catchability in mist nets situated across reed beds. By periods, however, a small but still remarkable fraction of recoveries before 1960 were due to birds found dead (ca. 10%), with less than 5% due to shot. This pattern clearly changed during the period 1961-1990, and from 1990 to present the proportion of birds found dead is absolutely marginal. Impressive sample size, with >450,000 recoveries of birds recaptured alive overall.

Movimientos anuales para Carricero común

First post-breeding movements in Jul, with prolonged migration across Europe up to Oct. Peak of migration in S Europe (before crossing the sea area to Africa) in Aug. Fuel is gained progressively as the birds reach the N border of the Mediterranean/Sahara (Biebach 1990). Fuelling in NW Africa in autumn possible, but not in NE Africa. Most recoveries in winter quarters in Africa from Oct to Mar/Apr. Spring passage through Europe starts in Mar in S Europe, patent in Apr up to May. Arrival to N breeding quarters in Scandinavia mostly in May. Recoveries in winter in Europe progressively more frequent (e.g., Morganti & Pulido 2012).

Conectividad por mes por región para Carricero común

Across the SW flyway, passage through Iberia mostly Aug-Sep; NW Africa more in Sep-Oct. Relatively much less number of recoveries in Italy, suggesting avoidance to pass to Africa through the central Mediterranean. Across the SW flyway, passage through the Balkans and the E Mediterranean mostly Aug-Sep. Many recoveries in Israel and the E Mediterranean in spring (most in Apr), as compared to a comparatively higher number of recoveries in N Egypt in autumn (Aug-Sep), suggesting loop migration (further E passage in spring).

Recuperaciones por condición para Gaviota cana

Most recoveries due to birds seen alive (ca.71%). 40% of recoveries identified by leg ring(s) and 19% with metal rings. Regarding the recovery condition by time periods, pre-1960 and 1961-1990 periods have similar patterns with a high majority of the recoveries due to birds found dead by sickness or wounded (52% and 55% in each period, respectively). Shots represent 34%, 18% and <1% of the recoveries for the periods here considered. Nowadays, a high majority of the recoveries are due to birds seen alive (77%) identified by other means (50% from leg rings).

Movimientos anuales para Gaviota cana

Autumn migration starts in Jun-Sep. Differential migration between age classes: breeding sites left first by subadults, followed by adults and, finally, first-years (Olsen & Larsson 2004). Wintering grounds already reached from Aug/Sep, up to the end of the winter. Spring migration mostly starts in Mar.

Conectividad por mes por región para Gaviota cana

N European birds leave their breeding sites earlier than those from further E regions, giving rise to waves of passage in e.g. S Scandinavia (Olsen & Larsson 2004). Passage in S Scandinavia shows a first peak in Jul/Aug (adults) or Sep/Oct (first-years); then another peak is found in Oct/Nov, in this case linked to Russian birds (Olsen & Larsson 2004). Overall spring migration back to breeding quarters occurs in Mar/Apr. Breeding sites reached later with increasing latitude.

Recuperaciones por condición para Estornino pinto

Approximately half of the encounters refer to birds found dead, with some 12% of recovered individuals being shot or otherwise intentionally taken by men and 38% being found without a clear cause of death. The proportion of shot birds has decreased from some 75% of encounters before 1960 to 16% of encounters in more recent decades. Birds were mainly shot in Denmark, Belgium, France, N Italy, Spain and N Africa. About a quarter of encounters refer to ringing recoveries of alive birds.

Movimientos anuales para Estornino pinto

Breeding areas in Fennoscandia, the Baltics, Poland, and very likely the Russian Federation are largely vacated during Oct – Mar. Although sometimes sparse, encounters during winter (Dec - Jan) occur throughout large parts of the range. During Oct - Mar, most encounters come from the British Isles and the Low Countries where residents and migrants mix during winter and where birds are thus encountered year-round. Also, in Iceland and the Faroes, recoveries are sparse but year-round. Encounters from S Europe, France, NW Africa and the Middle East are largely absent in the period May – Sep and mainly serve as wintering area.

Conectividad por mes por región para Estornino pinto

Those birds encountered in the British Isles, the Low Countries and France in Dec – Jan are mainly connected, besides the area itself, to Fennoscandia, the Low Countries, N Germany, Poland, the Baltics and the Russian Federation; those in Iberia from the Low Countries, Switzerland, Austria, S Germany and the Czech Republic, and , and to a lesser extent, the Baltics and S Fennoscandia; those in Italy from the Czech Republic, the Balkans and the Russian Federation and those in N Africa from Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia. During Oct-Nov birds are encountered at coastal areas in the Baltics, N Germany, the Low Countries and France.

Recuperaciones por condición para Cigüeña blanca

Number of encounters increasing exponentially from 1950 to peak in 2015. Minority reported shot, most in Africa and Middle East. 10% reported dead by other causes. Relatively few ringing recoveries, mainly in Germany and Spain. Over 80% of recoveries refer to rings read in the field or to birds otherwise alive, and occur in all European areas, but rare in Africa.

Movimientos anuales para Cigüeña blanca

Most re-encounters in W and E/SE Africa from Dec through Mar, then thinning, but quite some remain year-round. Long spring peak in Middle East from mid Mar to begin May, Turkey mid Apr. Many present in winter in SW, W and C Europe, but not E Europe, where first arrive mid Mar, majority Apr. Density increases earlier in W and C Europe in mid Mar. Highest densities in breeding areas end May - begin Jul when nestlings are ringed. Movement to SW and SE begin Aug, two migration corridors visible in W Europe, one in E Europe end Aug, then thinning out.

Conectividad por mes por región para Cigüeña blanca

Birds born W, SW, C Europe May-Jul connect to southern Spain Aug-Sep, many remain in Iberia in Oct-Feb (Shephard et al 2015). Others re-encountered Niger Delta in W Africa Sep-Mar. Many remain in breeding area in winter, or alternate between wintering in Iberia/France and wintering in breeding area, possibly age-related. Birds born in rest of C, E and SE Europe and Denmark move SE and found in Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and SE Europe in Aug, then connect to Middle East Aug-Sep, where few winter. Many re-encountered in E and SE Africa in Nov-Mar. Again Middle East Mar-Apr. No wintering in breeding area, except few birds in Denmark. Few winter N. Italy. Many immatures of both sub-populations remain in Africa during Apr-Oct, and to Iberia resp. SE Europe Jun-Jul. Great variability in choice of routes and winter quarters within indivuals (Berthold et al 2004).

Recuperaciones por condición para Paíño europeo

Almost only live recoveries in numbers, because of numerous recaptures between distant breeding colonies during demography research, but long-distant recoveries informing links between breeding and wintering grounds are mainly of dead birds.

Movimientos anuales para Paíño europeo

Most long-distance recoveries off Africa (Senegal, Namibia and South Africa) concern adult petrels, so illustrate the seasonal movements of mature individuals, not the only dispersal of non-breeding immatures. Longest recovery distance is over 11.000 kilometres! The species is present on breeding colonies from April to early October, with southernmost records off South Africa to early March, but also later in the spring (non-breeding immatures?).

Conectividad por mes por región para Paíño europeo

As for other tubenoses, recoveries between breeding colonies are obtained during the breeding seasons, between June and August. Scottish colonies are even linked to Portuguese colonies. Most recoveries off African coasts are obtained in November (Gulf of Guinea), and December-February (South Africa).

Recuperaciones por condición para Lechuza común

Currently protected species in Europe. Most encounters have been obtained since late 1980s. The bulk of encounters come from the breeding season (Jun-Jul) – ca. 43%, mainly juveniles have been ringed over time. W, C & NW Europe hold almost all (ca. 98% combined) of the encounters.

The encounters based on dead birds decreased over time – from 78% pre-1960 to 59% after 1991, while those based on alive birds –increased (from 19 to 40% respectively). The latter is mostly due to ringing encounters, incl. nestbox ringing which largely increased from 2% in 1961-90 to 21% after 1991. Co-existence with people produced a variety of recovery condition categories related to human activities, traffic being among the currently important negative factors (22% of all cases).

Movimientos anuales para Lechuza común

Although long-distance movements in different directions have been recorded in siblings from several nests in Czech Republic (Poprach 2010), the general diversity of dispersal directions can hardly outline possible “dispersal divide” in E part of C Europe.

Juveniles from the C & W European population are encountered during their dispersal mostly between Nov and Feb wintering in W, SW & SE Europe and even SW Russia. Some birds are encountered away from their natal places as early as Sep and as late as Apr-May.

S German population has been shown to exhibit different dispersal distances, big proportion of birds moving more than 100 km (Bairlein 1985).

Very few ringing data from S Europe, one of the species’s strongholds on the continent. The bulk of data is obtained in Germany, the Low Countries, and UK.

Conectividad por mes por región para Lechuza común

n general, dispersal movements in juveniles are several times longer compared to the movements of adult birds. Juveniles from the second or late broods move faster and fly shorter distances in contrast to the first brood young (Poprach 2010).

Post-breeding dispersal in juveniles start in late summer and could last until late winter, being encountered close to their natal sites or comparatively further away. Some birds are encountered away from their natal sites as late as mid- to late spring.

Suitable habitats in certain places (Equipa Atlas 2018) and some geographical obstacles can lead to concentration of juveniles during their dispersal (Poprach 2010).

Although the sample size of distant recoveries (>=50 km) is large, most of the long-distance movements are less than 300-500 km from the place of ringing (exceptionally over 1000 km).

Recuperaciones por condición para Cisne vulgar

Large and increasing number of encounters, most after 2010. Over 80% refers to birds if which the ring was read in the field, occurring more or less equal in all areas. Few shot birds reported, nearly all of which in the Netherlands. Many ringing recoveries in Denmark and central and eastern Europe.

Movimientos anuales para Cisne vulgar

No seasonal pattern detectable other than that reencounters along coasts of Mediterranean and Black Sea are largely absent during May- July and re-encounters in Finland scarce during November-February.

Conectividad por mes por región para Cisne vulgar

Birds breeding in central Europe during May-Sept mainly connect to sites close-by in the region in winter, except Polish breeders also wintering Slovenia and Croatia. Birds breeding in Baltic and Finland more migratory, with connections to coast of Poland, eastern Germany and Danish islands in winter. Fewer connections further W and SW to low countries, UK, France and Hungary. Birds breeding around Stockholm mainly in Denmark during winter, although some also staying year-round. Crimean breeding populations winters Evros Delta in Greece. Other populations no clear movements; UK birds sedentary year-round, birds breeding in low countries move little, but quite some moulting birds in August-September re-encountered in Denmark and Poland in all months.