Sergey Dereliev

Large wader breeding in variety of habitats along coasts of Europe from Portugal to N. Russia. Also breeds inland on agricultural land in low countries, UK, Sweden and Eastern Europe. Northern populations migratory, partial migrant in Western Europe but inland breeding areas vacated during non-breeding season, resident in South. Mass movements during prolonged cold spells in Western Europe. Population decreasing, trend approaching ‘Threatened’ threshold. Feeds on bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes and crustaceans in coastal habitats, earthworms and insect larvae inland. Hunted in France.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		526000-692000,598000
Red List categoryVU
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Huîtrier pie

Populations from Iceland, occ. Greenland, Faroe, Orkney, Shetland and Norway winter primarily in UK estuaries. Birds breeding Denmark, Sweden, Finland and White Sea move to estuaries in Netherlands, Germany and France. Part of Western European breeders winter along French coasts. Frequent exchange among Estuaries in UK, Netherlands, Germany and France, partly weather induced. Few birds reach coast of Portugal, S. Spain, Morocco, occ. Banc d’Arguin in Mauritania. Bird ringed as nestling in NL recovered during first autumn in Senegal. Connections for Eastern breeders few; Birds from Poland, Belarus and Russia NNE of Moscow connect to UK, Dutch and French coast in winter, but one bird in August along Black Sea coast found E. of St. Petersburg, Russia during breeding.

Contrôles par Condition for Huîtrier pie

Few encounters before 1950, then steady increase with peak 1984-1987 due to massive ringing in Dutch SW Delta. Then stable around 1500 annually.  Most birds ringed in June when young reach ringing age. Almost two-thirds of encounters are ring recoveries or ring readings. Few birds are shot, vast majority of which in France. Ringing recoveries most numerous in UK, ring readings in the Netherlands.

Annual Movements for Huîtrier pie

In January, all birds concentrated along shores of UK, Netherlands, Belgium and France. Southernmost wintering sites already vacated by end February, first birds appear on Norwegian coast and in Iceland mid-March. Eastern European inland sites -passage, breeding or both?- reached end April, when also birds in Baltic return. By end May northern and easternmost breeding sites in N Norway, White Sea and other Russian sites are reached. High densities of encounters in June in all coastal and inland breeding sites when most young birds are ringed. Already in July, first birds re-appear on French coasts, increasing in August when also birds appear in Iberia. Few re-encounters along African coast all in Sept-Dec.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Huîtrier pie

UK winterers reach Iceland in April, N. Norway May. First N. Norway birds already return to UK in July, most have left Norway by September. Birds in winter on French coasts connect to breeding sites in N. Norway and White Sea in June/July, and to breeding sites closer by in low countries in April. Birds wintering in estuaries in SW Netherlands mainly connect to breeding sites elsewhere in the Netherlands, both inland and coastal, mainly in April/May. Birds ringed later during breeding in June/July more often connect to wintering sites in France. Birds in non-breeding season in Italy connect to Russia in April-June, and Baltic coast in August-Sept. Birds in Sept-March on coasts of Iberia mainly connect to breeding sites in Scotland, Netherlands, S. Norway and S. Sweden in June.

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km

Michele Mendi

Palaearctic finch with nine subspecies with Eurasian distribution (BirdLife International 2021). Migratory behavior ranges from resident to partial migrant or migrant. Movements within Europe, often promoted by food shortage as irruptions, variable among years, rather than true periodic migrations (Fox et al. 2009).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		9790000-17300000,12900000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Bouvreuil pivoine

A remarkable fraction of recoveries show random displacements from ringing area, probably reflecting in these cases local/short-range dispersal, rather than true migrations. Over 50% of mapped data correspond to ring-recovery data from N Europe. N and E European bullfinches move S (from SW to SE) to overwinter S of their breeding range (Clement 2010). N Scandinavian birds show many recoveries in S Scandinavia and the circum-Baltic area. A recovery from N Kazakhstan in C Europe. Longer-distance recoveries from C European populations mostly across a NE-SW axis, exceptionally reaching SW Europe (Portugal). W/NW populations mostly show short-range movements.

Contrôles par Condition for Bouvreuil pivoine

Overall, most recoveries obtained through ringing (82%). Before 1960, a remarkable proportion of recovery data (43%) were due to recoveries of birds found dead, sick or wounded, with also a small (10%) proportion of dead recoveries by shot. The proportion of dead recoveries has decreased greatly with time, so that from 1991 to present these comprise less than 5%.

Annual Movements for Bouvreuil pivoine

Movements to S normally from Oct to Nov. Within-winter displacements also possible, normally caused by food shortage and bad weather such as heavy snow falls, which can give rise to scape movements (Meller et al. 2016). Return to breeding quarters in Mar-Apr. (Clement 2010).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bouvreuil pivoine

Distances travelled tend to increase with increasing breeding latitude or longitude. Thus, bullfinches from S, W and NW Europe mostly resident, with most recoveries being short-range local dispersal. Birds from N and E Europe can reach wintering areas over a broad range from W/SW Europe to E/SE Europe, with these recoveries being obtained mostly from Oct to Mar.

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km
Références Carte
BirdLife International 2021 . Species factsheet: Pyrrhula pyrrhula.
Fox, A.D., Kobro,S., Lehikoinen, A., Lyngs, P., Väisänen, R.A.2009 . Northern Bullfinch Pyrrhula p. pyrrhula irruptive behaviour linked to rowanberry Sorbus aucuparia abundance. Ornis Fennica 86: 51–60
Meller, K., Vähätalob, A.V., Hokkanenc, T., Rintalad, J., Pihaa, M.,& Lehikoinena, A.2016 . Inter-annual variation and long-term trends in proportions of resident individuals in partially migratory birds. Journal of Animal Ecology 85 Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12486) : 570–580
Peter Clement2010 . Finches and Sparrows. Helm Identification Guides. ISBN: 1408135302, 9781408135303A & C Black, London 512pp

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Callum Macgregor

Medium-sized thrush, feeds mainly on insects and earthworms; also fruit from late summer to early winter. Nominate merula: W Europe; cabrerae: Madeira and W Canary Islands; aterrimus: SE Europe to Crete, Rhodes, Caucasus, Transcaucasia and N Iran; syriacus: S Turkey to Syria, N Iraq and S Iran; azorensis: Azores; mauritanicus: N Africa. Inhabits dense woodland, varied types of farmland, heaths, moors, some wetlands, and settled sites including inner cities. Population is increasing and the status is Least Concern. Resident and migratory, with northern populations moving south or west.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		116000000-176000000,140000000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Merle noir

Fennoscandian and Danish birds move mainly NE - SW: most found in the UK and the Low Countries (especially at the North Sea coasts); also Ireland and France; few in Spain and N Italy; also NW - SE movement, few found in Iceland. UK birds move E - W, most found in Ireland and the Low Countries; also NNW - SSE movement, found in France and N Spain, few in Iceland. Birds from the Low Countries move mainly NE - SW: found in France, Spain and Portugal, few in Italy and NW Africa; also E - W movement, most found in the UK, also in Ireland. Birds from C Europe move mainly NE - SW, most found in S France , Switzerland and Italy, also W Europe, the UK, Spain and W Mediterranean Isles, few in N Africa and Greece. From E Europe NE - SW movement, found in UK, W and S Europe, few in Greece and Syria.

Contrôles par Condition for Merle noir

Until 1960 80% of the recoveries were dead birds, including 12% shot birds. From 1961 to 1990 59% concerned dead birds, including 4,3% shot birds. From 1991 5,5% concerned dead birds, no birds shot.
The hunting hotspots were in S France, N and C Italy, N Spain and the W Mediterranean Isles. Also a lot of shot birds in C France, Portugal, S and E Spain, Belgium and S Norway. Less hunting on the British Isles, S Sweden, S Finland and Greece.

Annual Movements for Merle noir

Year-round there are hotspots in the UK, the S coast of Norway and Finland, Denmark, the Low Countries and N Italy. From Nov - Jan there densities of wintering birds are high in Ireland, W and S France. Wintering birds are also found in C Europe, C France, Spain, the W Mediterranean Isles, C and S Italy and few in N Africa and SE Europe. Already in Feb numbers in Spain and France decrease again. In Mar - Apr a hotspot grows in C Europe and numbers in S Fennoscandia and E Europe increase, numbers in Ireland, France and S Italy decrease. In Sep numbers in Spain and France increase while numbers in C Fennoscandia decrease. In Oct – Nov, hotspots in Ireland and W and S France are built up, few birds remain in C Fennoscandia and E Europe. Blackbirds have increasingly become resident (van Vliet et al. 2009), especially in urban areas (Møller et al. 2014).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Merle noir

Fennoscandian and Danish breeders are mostly found in the UK and the Low Countries in Oct - Apr; also in France and Ireland and few in Spain, Italy, C Europe, Greece, N Africa and Iceland. UK breeders are most found in Ireland (Oct - Feb), also W Europe (Oct - Mar), S Scandinavia (Oct - Apr). Breeders of the Low Countries are most found in France and the UK in Oct - Mar, also Spain and Portugal in Oct - Apr and few in S Scandinavia in Oct - Dec and Ireland (Nov). Breeders of C and E Europe are found mostly in SW and S France, Italy and W Mediterranean Isles from Oct through Mar; also in S and C UK, the Low Countries and few in Greece and N Africa. From E Europe more recoveries in Greece (Feb - Mar) and one in Turkey (Nov) and Syria (Dec).

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km
Références Carte
Møller, A.P.1, Jokimäki, J., Skorka, P., Tryjanowski, P.2014 . Loss of migration and urbanization in birds: a case study of the blackbird (Turdus merula). Oecologia 175 article no.: 24794076 Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2953-3)
van Vliet, J., Musters, C.J.M., ter Keurs, W.J.2009 . Changes in migration behaviour of Blackbirds Turdus merula from the Netherlands. Bird Study 56 Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650902792148) : 276–281

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Hans Joachim Fünfstück

Tit breeding from W Europe to E Asia. Absent from SW Europe. Associated to coniferous forests located at higher altitude, or deciduous and mixed woodland areas at lower elevation. Resident (BirdLife International 2021).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		14000000-25400000,18800000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Mésange boréale

Most movements show short-range dispersal (<500 km; usually <100 km). Most recovery data from N and E European ringing regions, specifically from the circum-Baltic region and Russia. Random dispersal from ringing area. Exceptional long-distance recoveries, e.g. a bird from Estonia recovered in Moldova, or a bird from Belgium recoveries in Spain.

Contrôles par Condition for Mésange boréale

Overall, 93% of recoveries associated to ringing. Before 1960, however, ca. 20% of recoveries were due to birds found dead, sick or wounded; from 1991 to present, this proportion is less than 1%. During the 1961-1990 time period, recoveries of birds recaptured alive already reached 94%, a proportion maintained from 1991 to present.

Annual Movements for Mésange boréale

Higher number of recoveries in Sep-Oct, mostly juvenile individuals during post-fledging dispersal, that join non-kin wintering flocks (Hogstad & Slagsvold 2018). Otherwise shorter distance movements almost all year long, no specific yearly pattern as species is mostly resident.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Mésange boréale

See ‘Annual movements’.

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km
Références Carte
BirdLife International 2021 . Species factsheet: Poecile montanus.
Hogstad, O. & Slagsvold, T.2018 . Survival of Willow Tits Poecile montanus: the significance of flock membership, social rank and body size. Ornis Norvegica 41 Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.15845/on.v41i0.1540) : 13–18

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Callum Macgregor

Common Palaearctic songbird (BirdLife International 2021) with nine subspecies recognized in Europe. Migratory strategies vary from resident/partial migrant (in W and S Europe) to migratory. Winter quarters of European birds chiefly found in France and the S European peninsulas (Prys-Jones 1984).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		9500000-16700000,12300000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Bruant des roseaux

European populations show overall a main NE-SW axis of migration. High overlap in W/SW Europe in winter, especially France and Iberia. Parallel migration patterns, so reed buntings breeding to the E also overwinter further to the E (e.g., W Scandinavian birds overwinter in W Europe, while birds from Finland mostly go to SC Europe -S France, Italy). In Iberia, recoveries across E Spain also have a more E origin than recoveries in W Spain (Villarán 1999). Moreover, some birds from NE Europe (e.g., Finland) show a rather direct N-S axis of migration, so they overwinter in SE Europe, reaching the Balkan peninsula and shores around the Black Sea.

Contrôles par Condition for Bruant des roseaux

Overall, most (>95%) recoveries due to birds captured alive, usually in ringing campaigns. By periods, however, a remarkable fraction of recoveries before 1960 were due to birds found dead by shot (ca. 10%) or other than shot, sick or wounded (15%). This pattern clearly changed during the period 1961-1990, and from 1990 to present the number of birds found dead is absolutely marginal. 

Annual Movements for Bruant des roseaux

Migration in autumn starts in Sep, patent in Oct-Nov. Arrival to winter grounds from Oct to Nov, where the birds remain up to Feb-Mar. Spring migration in Mar-Apr. Arrival to breeding grounds by Apr-May. Differential migration by sex, hence males overwinter in further N regions as compared to females (Prys-Jones 1984, Arizaga et al. 2011). Moreover, males found to be predominant at sites close to presumably obligate migratory pathways, which would allow them to arrive faster to breeding sites as soon as weather conditions improve in spring (Arizaga et al. 2015).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Bruant des roseaux

Migratory populations from C Europe and the Atlantic façade up to N Europe show patent movements in Oct, when they start to reach their winter quarters in W/SW Europe. They remain there until Feb/Mar. Arrival to N breeding quarters in Scandinavia in late Apr/May. Populations from E Europe, up to the circum-Baltic area, also move mainly in Oct, to reach SC Europe, where they remain up to Feb (patent northward migration in Mar). Few data for the Scandinavian birds that move S to the Balkan peninsula and the area surrounding the Black Sea. Recoveries in these southern sites mainly in Feb.

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km
Références Carte
Arizaga, J., Alonso, D., Fernández, E., Martín, D.2011 . Population structure of migrating and wintering reed buntings Emberiza schoeniclus in Northern Iberia. Ardeola 58: 287–301
Arizaga, J., Bota, G., Mazuelas, D., Vera, P.2015 . The roles of environmental and geographic variables in explaining the differential wintering distribution of a migratory passerine in southern Europe. Journal of Ornithology 156: 469–479
BirdLife International 2021 . Species factsheet: Emberiza schoeniclus.
Prys-Jones, R. P.1984 . Migration patterns of the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus and the dependence of wintering distribution on environmental conditions. Le Gerfaut 74: 15–37
Villarán, A.1999 . Migración e invernada del escribano palustre (Emberiza schoeniclus) en España. Ardeola 46: 71–80

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Callum Macgregor

A trans-Saharan migrant passerine, which breeds from W Europe to C Siberia and spends the winter in wetlands across the Sahel and further S (BirdLife International 2021). European birds breed from the British Isles to N Scandinavia, but not in S countries (e.g. it does not breed in Iberia; Keller et al. 2020).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendUnknown
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		9170000-13700000,11000000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Phragmite des joncs

Sedge Warblers have parallel migration patterns, which give rise to high connectivity between breeding sites and wintering quarters in Africa. Western populations mainly migrate SW, wintering in the Senegambia and the W Sahelian wetlands. C European birds have a wider range of migration direction from SW to SE, thus wintering in central areas of the Sahel across to the Sudan. Birds from S Scandinavia and the Baltic States move mostly S/SW, wintering through the central Sahelian wetlands. Birds from N Scandinavia, E Europe and Russia move SE to overwinter in E Sahel, as far as E and S Africa.

Contrôles par Condition for Phragmite des joncs

Most recoveries (98%) are of birds recaptured alive. Recoveries in Africa increased as a result of several intensive ringing campaigns from the 1970s onwards. Recoveries of dead birds were relatively frequent (23%) before 1961 but, as so many birds are now recaptured, they are extremely rare (0.5%).

Annual Movements for Phragmite des joncs

Departure from the breeding quarters starts in Jul, continuing to mid-Aug. Birds breeding further N leave earlier than populations to the S. Adults migrate through stopover sites before first-year birds. Birds arrive on the winter quarters in Africa by Oct and depart from Mar, with some leaving as late as May. Sedge Warblers reach the breeding grounds Apr-May (northern European populations arrive later than their southern counterparts).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Phragmite des joncs

Western populations migrate through Iberia Jul-Sep (peak in Aug); and across NW Africa Aug-Oct. Passage of eastern populations across SE Europe is mostly in Aug-Sep. Return passage across S Europe occurs mostly in Apr, with some in May. Eastern populations migrate through SE Europe (mostly the Balkan peninsula), while western populations mostly move across E Iberia/France, avoiding W Iberia, thus giving rise to loop migration.

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km
Références Carte
2020 . European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. European Bird Census Council & Lynx Edicions, BarcelonaEditor(s): Keller, V., S. Herrando, P. Voříšek, et al.
BirdLife International2021 . Species factsheet: Acrocephalus schoenobaenus.

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