Michele Mendi

A freshwater diving duck, breeding across Eurasia to 120°E, from the N Mediterranean basin up to 60°N in Siberia and above 65°N in Iceland and Finland. Present in winter across the W breeding range, although Siberian and Asian population are truly migratory, with a wintering range reaching N Africa, the whole Nile valley, and S and E Asia. The NE-NW European wintering population has decreased by 27-32% 2009-18.

Season of assessment

W

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		373000-679000,500000
Red List categoryVU
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Fuligule milouin

Movement is generally NE-SW, as for Tufted Duck, alhough Common Pochard has a slightly more S breeding and wintering distribution, moving in larger numbers to Spain, and even N Africa. Two main flyways are used in Europe: linking NE to NW Europe; and C and NE Europe to the Black and Mediterranean Seas, with sometimes only longitudinal movements (Folliot et al. 2018). Birds from the Baltic region disperse in winter and are found from Ireland to the Mediterranean. The connectivity pattern is mainly driven by the numerous C European population, which don't move as far as E birds. Males tend to winter further N than females (Carbone & Owen 1995), though a recent study shows latitudinal sex ratio difference is weaker, but still manifest (Brides et al. 2017).

Contrôles par Condition for Fuligule milouin

As the species is hunted in several countries, ~70% of the recoveries are of hunted birds before 1991.  The development of colour-marking has increased the percentage of recoveries of live birds and, since1991, only 45% of recoveries are of shot birds. The decrease in recovery numbers since 1985 is probably linked to a similar decline in overall numbers for the species, but may also be a result of the decline in reporting of metal rings.

Annual Movements for Fuligule milouin

While Common Pochards are still present in Russia in early Oct, most  have left by mid-Oct, and spread across W Europe in Oct-Nov. There are still movements during winter, sometimes over long distances (>200 km; Korner-Nievergelt et al. 2009); indeed, movements between wintering sites, posibly driven by depletion of food, are common in winter (Keller et al. 2009). Movements back to the E start mainly in Mar, but become more obvious in Apr, with the northernmost breeding sites occupied in May.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Fuligule milouin

In C Europe, most breeding birds are back on the breeding grounds in Apr, or in May further E (Russia). Some are already on W wintering grounds in Aug, although most arrivals on major wintering sites are in Oct-Nov. Ringing occurs mainly on the wintering grounds in mid-winter, and most of these birds move to N (Baltic), C and E Europe in summer (the furthest E recovery is of a British-ringed bird in Yakoutia, Sakha Republic, 118°E). Males undergo a moult migration to gather, often in large aggregations, sometimes towards or on the winter quarters ahead of females and juveniles, which move much later (van der Wal & Zomerdijk 1979, Stanevičius et al 2008)

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km
Références Carte
Brides, K. Wood, K.A., Hearn, R. & Fijen, T.P.M.2017 . Changes in the sex ratio of the Common Pochard Aythya ferina in Europe and North Africa. Wildfowl 67: 100–112
Carbone C, Owen M1995 . Differential migration of the sexes of Pochard Aythya ferina: results from a European survey. Wildfowl S.I.: 99–108https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/973
Folliot B, Guillemain M, Champagnon J, Caizergues A 2018 . Patterns of spatial distribution and migration phenology of common pochards Aythya ferina in the Western Palearctic: a ring-recoveries analysis. Wildlife Biology Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00427)
Keller I, Korner-Nievergelt F, Jenni L 2009 . Within-winter movements: a common phenomenon in the Common Pochard Aythya ferina. Journal of Ornithology 150: 483–494
Korner-Nievergelt FR, Hofer J, Sauter A, Jenni L2009 . Measuring within-winter movement rates of Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula and Common Pochard A. ferina based on ring re-encounter data. Wildfowl : 24–41https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1341
Stanevičius, V., Švažas, S., Raudonikis, L. and Gražulevičius, G.2008 . Staging and moulting concentrations of the common Pochard (Aythya ferina) in Lithuania. Acta Zoologica Lithuanica 18: 273–282
van der Wal, R.J. and Zomerdijk, P.J.1979 . The moulting of Tufted Duck and Pochard on the IJsselmeer in relation to moult concentrations in Europe. Wildfowl 30: 99–108

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