Sergey Dereliev

A long-lived, predatory seabird, most known for its kleptoparasitic behaviour stealing food from other seabirds (Furness 1978). As a long-distant migrant, it has a circumpolar breeding range at the northern seas and spends the non-breeding period in the S Atlantic (Mäntylä et al. 2020), often migrating as far as S Africa and S America. The estimation of the European population is around 66,000 pairs with major population crashes over the last three decades due to food shortage and predation (van Bemmelen et al. 2021).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendDecreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		54200-83000,66000
Red List categoryEN
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Mapa

Conectividad global para Págalo parásito

Movements have mainly N-S orientation. Birds from whole Europe may overwinter in S America (Brazil and Uruguay), the African continent from N, W, E to S Africa. Birds were also observed in W Europe in late autumn, early winter. Populations from NW are connected to all non-breeding regions with S, SW and SE orientation: S America, S Africa, W Africa, N Africa. In the breeding season, there is a link to Greenland, Shetland, the Faroe Islands, Scandinavia and W Europe. N European populations have similar migration patterns with an addition of Saint Helena Island in the S Atlantic. Birds from E Europe are recovered in Scandinavia, W Europe and the Mediterranean. Birds from the Faroe islands are also connected to Iceland, UK, W Europe, and the Mediterranean.

Recuperaciones por condición para Págalo parásito

Ringing effort has significantly increased since 1991 and number of encounters doubled after 2014. Most recoveries are reported from N and NW Europe, especially from the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Finland where colour ring projects are ongoing. Encounters are most likely between May-Sep. The recovery conditions are about 60% alive, 30% dead and 5% shot. The number of shot birds had decreased greatly since 1991. The distribution of dead birds is equal across the range. The age groups are also equally distributed between different regions.

Movimientos anuales para Págalo parásito

Encounters are restricted to NW and N Europe, specifically the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Finland and the wintering grounds in Africa and S America. From Nov to Apr most recoveries are in the wintering range: across all Africa except for the central regions and S America. By May, most birds have reached their breeding grounds. In Jun-Aug concentrations are in N and NW Europe with encounters in Greenland and Iceland. Distributions remain stable along the coasts until end Aug with some birds already on their way to wintering grounds, reaching their destination within a month. In Sep a few local, short-distance movements are seen in N and NW Europe and some of these observations remain until late autumn, early winter (McInerny & Griffin 2007).

Conectividad por mes por región para Págalo parásito

. Both in NW and N Europe, most connections are seen in Jun-Aug. Many of these, especially in Aug, are local movements, possibly indicating local dispersal. Birds from NW also connect to Denmark and the Baltic in the summer months.. Birds in NW and N in Jun-Jul connect to wintering areas in S America during Sep-Nov and Feb-Jun, (N)W Africa in Sep-Feb (Aug-Apr), and S Africa mainly in Nov-Feb. Tracking indicates that Arctic skuas winter over the entire Atlantic, but also the Mediterranean and Arabian Sea (van Bemmelen 2019). Latter possibly indicated by recoveries in Lebanon in Oct and Jan. Connections in Sep-Nov in NW and N mainly local.

Referencias

Estadísticas Mapa
Nº de registros Nº de individuos Nº de recuperaciones
Datos en el mapa*
Total de datos disponibles
* Los datos del mapa incluyen solo recuperaciones lejanas (>= 50 km)
Referencias Mapa
Furness, R.W.1978 . Kleptoparasitism by great skuas (Catharacta skua Brünn.) and Arctic skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus L.) at a Shetland seabird colony. Animal Behaviour 26: 1167–1177
Mäntylä, E., Mäntylä, K., Nuotio, J., Nuotio, K., & Sillanpää, M. 2020 . Longevity record of arctic skua (Stercorarius parasiticus). Ecology and Evolution 10: 12675–12678
McInerny, C. J., & Griffin, M. 2007 . Autumn skua migration at Hound Point, Lothian. Scottish Birds 27
van Bemmelen, R.S.A.2019 . Seabirds linking Arctic and ocean. Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.18174/499288)
van Bemmelen, R.S.A., Schekkerman, H., Hin, V., Pot, M.T., Janssen, K., Ganter, B., Rösner, H.U., Tulp, I.2021 . Heavy decline of the largest European Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus colony: interacting effects of food shortage and predation. Bird Study 68 Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2021.1969334) : 88–99

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