Aron Tanti

Penduline tits constitute a complex of closely related taxa ranging across Eurasia, from Spain to Central Asia. Sedentary populations at southern latitudes, in Iberia, Italy, and in the Balkans, Romania to Turkey, and migratory populations further North, from North, Central to East Europe. Migratory populations do join southern sedentary populations in winter, down to Morocco (Amezian et al. 2011). Inhabit lakesides and riverine vegetation in summer, and forage in reedbeds in winter.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendIncreasing
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		518000-940000,689000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Map

Overall Connectivity for Eurasian Penduline Tit

The overall direction of migration is clearly NE-SW, for all migratory populations, while flyways generally follow the main rivers on the ground (like the Rhine, Rhône, Po, Danube valleys). Northern and Western breeders migrate to Iberia, parts of the Baltic and Central European breeders migrate to Italy, the Balkans and South-East Europe. There was evidence of southern wintering of juveniles in Iberia before the colonization of the species there for breeding (Valera et al. 1993)

Recoveries by Condition for Eurasian Penduline Tit

Almost all records are ring casualties, with special capture efforts dedicated to the species. There are very few recoveries before 1960, while their numbers increase from 1980 onwards, with the increase in range and numbers of the species in Europe.

Annual Movements for Eurasian Penduline Tit

The majority of recoveries are from individuals first captured along the migration flyways or on the wintering grounds, with recoveries on the breeding grounds. Ringing penduline tits along the flyways is a popular activity among ringers as it produces an unusual rate of recoveries, probably because the species uses thin corridors to migrate. This is highlighted by the distribution of the recoveries, which gently draw the main European rivers, such as the Rhine, Danube, etc. During the 1980s and especially the 1990s, penduline tits migrated in numbers to spend the winter in the South-West, and this was followed by the establishment of consequent breeding populations in Iberia.

Connectivity by Month by Region for Eurasian Penduline Tit

Movements from Central Europe to the South-West starts mid-September, and ends in early December when all birds are on their Mediterranean wintering grounds. The northward movements of birds wintering in the South-West and South starts at the beginning of March, occurs uniformly along April, and ends early May when birds have reached their breeding grounds. Most recoveries are obtained from September to November, during the post-breeding migration, and to a lesser extend during the spring migration, in April, so most that most recoveries are from birds on the move.

Frédéric Jiguet

References

Statistics Map
N records N individuals N recoveries
Mapped data*
Total available data
*Mapped data include only distant (>= 50 km) recoveries
References Map
Amezian M, Thompson I, Bensusan k, Cortes J, Louah A, Qninba A2011 . On regular wintering of Eurasian Penduline Tits Remiz pendulinus in northern Morocco. Ostrich 82 Link to Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2011.556783) : 39–42
Valera F, Rey P, Sanchez-Lafuente M, Muñoz-Cobo J1993 . Expansion of Penduline Tit (Remiz pendulinus) through Migration and Wintering. Journal of Ornithology 134: 272–282

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