Anne Cotton

Largest gull in the world with broad breeding range within N Atlantic, from E Canada/USA to the White sea (BirdLife International 2022). In Europe is a coastal seabird breeding from NW Iberia to NW Russia. Strategies vary from resident to partial migrant or migratory; migratory behaviour increases with latitude (Olsen & Larsson 2004).

Season of assessment

B

Population trendStable
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		172000-215000,196000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Goéland marin

Main migratory axis is N-S or NE-SW, thus to some extent winter distribution ranges of migrant populations reflect breeding distribution ranges at more S latitudes. Populations from NW Europe (Britain-Ireland) resident or move to S up to from NW Iberia to E Wadden sea (exceptionally, 1 recovery in SW Spain). At same time, UK receives in winter birds from Scandinavia (mainly Norway) to Iceland. Birds from W Europe resident or with short-range movements, normally up to middle part of Atlantic façade of FranceFennoscandian birds tend to be migratory, with strong connectivity: Norwegian/N Finish populations mostly overwinter from Denmark to E Britain/N France; circum-Baltic birds mostly overwinter in along S coast of the Baltic, up to Denmark. Exceptional movements from N America to Europe (from Newfoundland to W Europe), also to Bear island (Bjørnøya). 

Contrôles par Condition for Goéland marin

Overall, most (78%) recoveries due to birds found alive, identified by other means, such as Darvic leg ring(s). Before 1960, most recoveries were due to shot (almost 45%) or birds found dead, sick or wounded (45%). Still up to 1990 most birds were found dead, sick or wounded (60%) or dead by shot (24%). Currently, most (88%) recoveries are due to birds encountered alive, mostly identified from leg ring(s).

Annual Movements for Goéland marin

Post-breeding movements/migration start as early as Jul, especially in case of High Arctic populations (Olsen & Larsson 2004). Main arrival to these N birds to winter quarters in Sep. Migration in N Europe peaks Oct-Nov, though first movements found already in Jul-Aug. Spring migration Mar-Apr. Younger birds move more than adults, especially if coming from S Scandinavia to NW/W Europe (Olsen & Larsson 2004).

Connectivité par mois par région pour Goéland marin

Temporal patterns rather similar for all regions, so for details see Annual movements.

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km
Références Carte
BirdLife International 2022 . Species factsheet: Larus marinus.
Olsen, K. M., Larsson, H.2004 . Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America. Helm Identification Guides, London

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