Callum Macgregor

A large thrush, which feeds on a wide range of invertebrates; also fruits from late summer to early winter. Breeds from E France and Norway E to E Russia, roughly between latitude 45 and 70. Winters mainly in W, C and S Europe. Usually reaches southernmost parts of Europe only in unusually cold winters and rarely N Africa. Prefers woods of birch Betula, pine Pinus, spruce Picea, alder Alnus, and mixed species, usually in open growth; often along rivers or in groups of trees in fens or bogs. Migratory to resident.

Season of assessment

B

Population trendStable
Population size
(min-max, best estimate)		23000000-44700000,32000000
Red List categoryLC
Franks, S., Fiedler, W., Arizaga, J., Jiguet, F., Nikolov, B., van der Jeugd, Ambrosini, R, Aizpurua, O., Bairlein, F., Clark, J., Fattorini, N, Hammond, M., Higgins, D, Levering, H., Skellorn, W., Spina, F, Thorup, K. Walker, J., Woodward, I. and Baillie, S.R. (1) (2022) Online Atlas of the movements of European bird populations. https://migrationatlas.org EURING/CMS (1) Principal investigator
Carte

Connectivité globale pour Grive litorne

Birds breeding in Fennoscandia, the Baltic States and NW Russia move mainly NE-SW, with hotspots of recoveries in Belgium and S Netherlands, S France and N Italy; also many birds migrate in a more ENE-WSW direction and are reported from the British Isles. A minority follow a more N-S or NW-SE direction, with recoveries in SE Europe, Turkey and Georgia. Breeders from E Europe move mainly in a ENE-WSW direction, with most encounters in SE France and N Italy; also a few encounters in Greece, Turkey and Cyprus. Most birds breeding in C Europe migrate in NE-SW direction and are recovered in S France; also many birds from C Europe move in N-S direction and are recovered in N and C Italy.

Contrôles par Condition for Grive litorne

From 1950 the annual number of recoveries has fluctuated around 300, with some years around 200 and a maximum of 867 in 2013. Most recoveries are from 21 May to 10 Jun with many in Oct-Nov and Jan. Until 1960 about 85% of recoveries were dead birds, with 35% shot. The percentage of dead recoveries remained high in 1961-990  (83%), with an increase in the percentage shot (42%). After 1990 about 45% of recoveries were dead birds, with 21% shot. The hotspots of shot birds were in Belgium, N, SW and S France, N and C Italy; with many birds also shot in S Norway, Finland, Portugal, N Spain, S Italy and SE Europe.

Annual Movements for Grive litorne

From May-Aug most birds are in Fennoscandia and C, E Europe. In Sep the first birds leave Fennoscandia. In Oct most birds have left N Scandinavia and Finland, hotspots are in S Norway, the Low Countries, SE France and N Italy. Also many birds are reported in the British Isles. In Nov-Feb there are few birds in Fennoscandia and E Europe, numbers in the hotspots are increasing and there is a new hotspot in C Italy with many in the British Isles and also some in Spain, S Italy and SE Europe and a few in Turkey and Georgia. In Mar birds move N with hotspots in Belgium and S UK and there are recoveries in France, Italy, SE and C Europe. In Apr many birds have reached the breeding areas, but some are on migration in NW Europe and the British Isles.

Connectivité par mois par région pour Grive litorne

Birds from Fennoscandia are generally reported in S France and N Italy from Oct-Apr; there are also many recoveries in Oct-Apr in the British Isles, W France, the Low Countries and Iberia. There are a few recoveries in SE Europe, Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan in Nov-Mar, two in Iceland in Nov-Dec and one in Lebanon in Feb. Birds from E Europe are mostly found in N and C Italy and S France from Oct-Mar; with some reports in the British Isles, the Low Countries, S Italy and SE Europe. There were two encounters in Lebanon in Jan-Feb and one in Mallorca in Dec. There are many encounters in C Europe in S France and N and C Italy in Oct-Apr, with a few in Nov-Feb in W and SE Europe, one in Portugal (Dec) and one Sardegna (Nov).

Références

Statistiques Carte
Nombre de données Nombre d'individus Nombre de contrôles
Données cartographiées*
Données totales disponibles
*Données cartographiées avec des contrôles >= à 50 km