Recuperaciones por condición para Pigargo europeo

Most encounters are obtained after 1992. They come from throughout the year, mostly from Nov to Mar (74%); smallest number of birds are encountered Jul-Sep (2.5% combined). N Europe holds the bulk of encounters (86%), followed by C (11%) & E Europe (3%). The encounters based on dead birds decreased considerably over time – from 87% pre-1960 to 4% after 1991, while those based on alive birds – markedly increased from practically none pre-1960 to 95% after 1991; the latter is largely due to ringing recoveries and colour ring resightings. Shooting was responsible for a big part of all cases mainly in the past (61% pre-1960); its importance got progressively reduced in subsequent years.

Most of the distant (>=50 km) recoveries are less than 500km away, some from N & E Europe – more than 2000km.

Movimientos anuales para Pigargo europeo

Post-breeding dispersal in C and SE European juveniles starts from Jul to mid-Nov. Overall area used during the first year of life varies largely between individuals (Cheshmedzhiev et al. 2001, Rymešová et al. 2021).

Birds breeding in N & NE Europe leave their breeding grounds Oct-Nov, juveniles usually preceding adults. Large numbers stay in winter in Finland, at least during the winter artificial feeding years (Saurola et al. 2013). Finnish birds are encountered during winter as far as Germany and Croatia in Dec-Mar. Northernmost breeding sites are occupied back in Feb-Apr.

The E Baltic countries population is generally resident, but juveniles disperse mainly SW, reaching C Europe as early as Sep; they winter from France to S European Russia mainly Oct-Mar, some remaining until Apr. C European juveniles and immatures disperse to W & Europe from Sep to Apr.

Conectividad por mes por región para Pigargo europeo

Juvenile birds are known to be more dispersive and gregarious than adults (Orta et al. 2020). Natal dispersal distances are significantly shorter in males (Whitfield et al. 2009).

N & NE European breeders migrate SW mostly mid- to late autumn, returning from late winter to mid-spring.

C European and Baltic region populations are generally sedentary but juvenile and immature birds disperse mostly SW (but also S & SE) from their breeding grounds from early autumn to mid-spring spreading between Germany and France to Italy and S Ukraine and European Russia.

A juvenile marked in Israel was encountered as an immature during the following summer on the Turkish Black Sea Coast.

Spatial distribution of the resightings of colour marked birds in N Europe biased due to observers’ effort.