Recuperaciones por condición para Martín pescador común

Most encounters are obtained after 2000, primarily during late summer and autumn – ca. 66% in the period Jul-Oct (mainly juveniles). More than half of all encounters are recorded in C & SW Europe – 31 and 23% respectively.

The encounters based on dead birds decreased over time – from 55% pre-1960 to 5% after 1991, while those based on alive birds – markedly increased from 42% pre-1960 to 95% after 1991; the latter is largely due to ringing recoveries. Shooting was significant factor in the past, with 12% of all cases before 1960.

Most distant recoveries (>=50 km) are less than 200km away from the ringing site.

Sample size from SE & E Europe is very limited.

Movimientos anuales para Martín pescador común

Post-breeding dispersal is evident as early as Jul, being more pronounced until Oct. About 5% of the birds breeding on the British Isles are thought to migrate (Libois 2011), mostly juveniles are encountered in W Europe from Aug to Oct. Migratory birds from W, N & C Europe are encountered on their European wintering grounds as early as Jul, mostly Sep-Mar, some – until end of Apr. Most breeding sites to the N are left by Oct-Nov. Although Iberian population is largely resident, movement of a bird wintering in Morocco (Dec) has also been recorded.

About 94% of all birds encountered in Aug-Oct for two years in N Spain have been found to be juveniles (Arizaga et al. 2010). Similar results (85-98%) have been obtained for N Egypt in Sep-Oct (Rosińska, Busse 2012).

Return movements in the migratory populations take place Mar-Apr, until May in the N.

Conectividad por mes por región para Martín pescador común

Within Europe, the migratory tendency has been found to increase from S to N and from W to E (Libois 2011), ice-free wetlands during winter being а vital necessity.

Movements after the breeding season take place between late summer and mid-autumn. The wintering sites in Europe are occupied mostly between early autumn and early spring; sometimes spring migration does not start until mid-spring. Migrants from the most N populations leave their territories as late as mid- to late autumn. Migratory birds from C & SE Europe are encountered in N Africa and the Levant from early autumn.

The birds from migratory populations reach their breeding grounds most often early to mid-spring, sometimes as late as late spring in northernmost populations.